[management] Remove context from database calls (#2863)

Improve the performance on Linux and Android in case of P2P connections

client/anonymize/anonymize.go

@@ -201,6 +201,8 @@ func isWellKnown(addr netip.Addr) bool {
 		"2606:4700:4700::1111", "2606:4700:4700::1001", // Cloudflare DNS IPv6
 		"9.9.9.9", "149.112.112.112", // Quad9 DNS IPv4
 		"2620:fe::fe", "2620:fe::9", // Quad9 DNS IPv6
+
+		"128.0.0.0", "8000::", // 2nd split subnet for default routes
 	}
 
 	if slices.Contains(wellKnown, addr.String()) {

client/firewall/iptables/acl_linux.go

@@ -352,14 +352,14 @@ func (m *aclManager) seedInitialEntries() {
 func (m *aclManager) seedInitialOptionalEntries() {
 	m.optionalEntries["FORWARD"] = []entry{
 		{
-			spec:     []string{"-m", "mark", "--mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmark), "-j", chainNameInputRules},
+			spec:     []string{"-m", "mark", "--mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected), "-j", chainNameInputRules},
 			position: 2,
 		},
 	}
 
 	m.optionalEntries["PREROUTING"] = []entry{
 		{
-			spec:     []string{"-t", "mangle", "-i", m.wgIface.Name(), "-m", "addrtype", "--dst-type", "LOCAL", "-j", "MARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmark)},
+			spec:     []string{"-t", "mangle", "-i", m.wgIface.Name(), "-m", "addrtype", "--dst-type", "LOCAL", "-j", "MARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected)},
 			position: 1,
 		},
 	}

client/firewall/iptables/router_linux.go

@@ -18,22 +18,24 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/id"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
-)
-
-const (
-	ipv4Nat = "netbird-rt-nat"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
 // constants needed to manage and create iptable rules
 const (
 	tableFilter             = "filter"
 	tableNat                = "nat"
+	tableMangle             = "mangle"
 	chainPOSTROUTING        = "POSTROUTING"
+	chainPREROUTING         = "PREROUTING"
 	chainRTNAT              = "NETBIRD-RT-NAT"
 	chainRTFWD              = "NETBIRD-RT-FWD"
+	chainRTPRE              = "NETBIRD-RT-PRE"
 	routingFinalForwardJump = "ACCEPT"
 	routingFinalNatJump     = "MASQUERADE"
 
+	jumpPre  = "jump-pre"
+	jumpNat  = "jump-nat"
 	matchSet = "--match-set"
 )
 
@@ -323,24 +325,25 @@ func (r *router) Reset() error {
 }
 
 func (r *router) cleanUpDefaultForwardRules() error {
-	err := r.cleanJumpRules()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	if err := r.cleanJumpRules(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("clean jump rules: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	log.Debug("flushing routing related tables")
-	for _, chain := range []string{chainRTFWD, chainRTNAT} {
-		table := r.getTableForChain(chain)
-
-		ok, err := r.iptablesClient.ChainExists(table, chain)
+	for _, chainInfo := range []struct {
+		chain string
+		table string
+	}{
+		{chainRTFWD, tableFilter},
+		{chainRTNAT, tableNat},
+		{chainRTPRE, tableMangle},
+	} {
+		ok, err := r.iptablesClient.ChainExists(chainInfo.table, chainInfo.chain)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed check chain %s, error: %v", chain, err)
-			return err
+			return fmt.Errorf("check chain %s in table %s: %w", chainInfo.chain, chainInfo.table, err)
 		} else if ok {
-			err = r.iptablesClient.ClearAndDeleteChain(table, chain)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed cleaning chain %s, error: %v", chain, err)
-				return err
+			if err = r.iptablesClient.ClearAndDeleteChain(chainInfo.table, chainInfo.chain); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("clear and delete chain %s in table %s: %w", chainInfo.chain, chainInfo.table, err)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -349,9 +352,16 @@ func (r *router) cleanUpDefaultForwardRules() error {
 }
 
 func (r *router) createContainers() error {
-	for _, chain := range []string{chainRTFWD, chainRTNAT} {
-		if err := r.createAndSetupChain(chain); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("create chain %s: %w", chain, err)
+	for _, chainInfo := range []struct {
+		chain string
+		table string
+	}{
+		{chainRTFWD, tableFilter},
+		{chainRTPRE, tableMangle},
+		{chainRTNAT, tableNat},
+	} {
+		if err := r.createAndSetupChain(chainInfo.chain); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("create chain %s in table %s: %w", chainInfo.chain, chainInfo.table, err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -359,6 +369,10 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("insert established rule: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := r.addPostroutingRules(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add static nat rules: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	if err := r.addJumpRules(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add jump rules: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -366,6 +380,32 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (r *router) addPostroutingRules() error {
+	// First rule for outbound masquerade
+	rule1 := []string{
+		"-m", "mark", "--mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade),
+		"!", "-o", "lo",
+		"-j", routingFinalNatJump,
+	}
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableNat, chainRTNAT, rule1...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add outbound masquerade rule: %v", err)
+	}
+	r.rules["static-nat-outbound"] = rule1
+
+	// Second rule for return traffic masquerade
+	rule2 := []string{
+		"-m", "mark", "--mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn),
+		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-j", routingFinalNatJump,
+	}
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableNat, chainRTNAT, rule2...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add return masquerade rule: %v", err)
+	}
+	r.rules["static-nat-return"] = rule2
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (r *router) createAndSetupChain(chain string) error {
 	table := r.getTableForChain(chain)
 
@@ -377,10 +417,14 @@ func (r *router) createAndSetupChain(chain string) error {
 }
 
 func (r *router) getTableForChain(chain string) string {
-	if chain == chainRTNAT {
+	switch chain {
+	case chainRTNAT:
 		return tableNat
+	case chainRTPRE:
+		return tableMangle
+	default:
+		return tableFilter
 	}
-	return tableFilter
 }
 
 func (r *router) insertEstablishedRule(chain string) error {
@@ -398,25 +442,39 @@ func (r *router) insertEstablishedRule(chain string) error {
 }
 
 func (r *router) addJumpRules() error {
-	rule := []string{"-j", chainRTNAT}
-	err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING, 1, rule...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	// Jump to NAT chain
+	natRule := []string{"-j", chainRTNAT}
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING, 1, natRule...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add nat jump rule: %v", err)
 	}
-	r.rules[ipv4Nat] = rule
+	r.rules[jumpNat] = natRule
+
+	// Jump to prerouting chain
+	preRule := []string{"-j", chainRTPRE}
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableMangle, chainPREROUTING, 1, preRule...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add prerouting jump rule: %v", err)
+	}
+	r.rules[jumpPre] = preRule
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (r *router) cleanJumpRules() error {
-	rule, found := r.rules[ipv4Nat]
-	if found {
-		err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING, rule...)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed cleaning rule from chain %s, err: %v", chainPOSTROUTING, err)
+	for _, ruleKey := range []string{jumpNat, jumpPre} {
+		if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
+			table := tableNat
+			chain := chainPOSTROUTING
+			if ruleKey == jumpPre {
+				table = tableMangle
+				chain = chainPREROUTING
+			}
+
+			if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(table, chain, rule...); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("delete rule from chain %s in table %s, err: %v", chain, table, err)
+			}
+			delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
 		}
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -424,19 +482,35 @@ func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, pair)
 
 	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableNat, chainRTNAT, rule...); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error while removing existing NAT rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, rule...); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error while removing existing marking rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
 		}
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
 	}
 
-	rule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, pair.Source, pair.Destination, r.wgIface.Name(), pair.Inverse)
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableNat, chainRTNAT, rule...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error while appending new NAT rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
+	markValue := nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade
+	if pair.Inverse {
+		markValue = nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn
+	}
+
+	rule := []string{"-i", r.wgIface.Name()}
+	if pair.Inverse {
+		rule = []string{"!", "-i", r.wgIface.Name()}
+	}
+
+	rule = append(rule,
+		"-m", "conntrack",
+		"--ctstate", "NEW",
+		"-s", pair.Source.String(),
+		"-d", pair.Destination.String(),
+		"-j", "MARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", markValue),
+	)
+
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, rule...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error while adding marking rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
 	}
 
 	r.rules[ruleKey] = rule
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -444,13 +518,12 @@ func (r *router) removeNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, pair)
 
 	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableNat, chainRTNAT, rule...); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error while removing existing nat rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, rule...); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error while removing marking rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
 		}
-
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
 	} else {
-		log.Debugf("nat rule %s not found", ruleKey)
+		log.Debugf("marking rule %s not found", ruleKey)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -482,16 +555,6 @@ func (r *router) updateState() {
 	}
 }
 
-func genRuleSpec(jump string, source, destination netip.Prefix, intf string, inverse bool) []string {
-	intdir := "-i"
-	lointdir := "-o"
-	if inverse {
-		intdir = "-o"
-		lointdir = "-i"
-	}
-	return []string{intdir, intf, "!", lointdir, "lo", "-s", source.String(), "-d", destination.String(), "-j", jump}
-}
-
 func genRouteFilteringRuleSpec(params routeFilteringRuleParams) []string {
 	var rule []string
 

client/firewall/iptables/router_linux_test.go

@@ -3,17 +3,18 @@
 package iptables
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os/exec"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/test"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
 func isIptablesSupported() bool {
@@ -34,14 +35,24 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RestoreOrCreateContainers(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, manager.init(nil))
 
 	defer func() {
-		_ = manager.Reset()
+		assert.NoError(t, manager.Reset(), "shouldn't return error")
 	}()
 
-	require.Len(t, manager.rules, 2, "should have created rules map")
+	// Now 5 rules:
+	// 1. established rule in forward chain
+	// 2. jump rule to NAT chain
+	// 3. jump rule to PRE chain
+	// 4. static outbound masquerade rule
+	// 5. static return masquerade rule
+	require.Len(t, manager.rules, 5, "should have created rules map")
 
-	exists, err := manager.iptablesClient.Exists(tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING, manager.rules[ipv4Nat]...)
+	exists, err := manager.iptablesClient.Exists(tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING, "-j", chainRTNAT)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING)
-	require.True(t, exists, "postrouting rule should exist")
+	require.True(t, exists, "postrouting jump rule should exist")
+
+	exists, err = manager.iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainPREROUTING, "-j", chainRTPRE)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainPREROUTING)
+	require.True(t, exists, "prerouting jump rule should exist")
 
 	pair := firewall.RouterPair{
 		ID:          "abc",
@@ -49,22 +60,15 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RestoreOrCreateContainers(t *testing.T) {
 		Destination: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.0/24"),
 		Masquerade:  true,
 	}
-	forward4Rule := []string{"-s", pair.Source.String(), "-d", pair.Destination.String(), "-j", routingFinalForwardJump}
 
-	err = manager.iptablesClient.Insert(tableFilter, chainRTFWD, 1, forward4Rule...)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "inserting rule should not return error")
-
-	nat4Rule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, pair.Source, pair.Destination, ifaceMock.Name(), false)
-
-	err = manager.iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainRTNAT, 1, nat4Rule...)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "inserting rule should not return error")
+	err = manager.AddNatRule(pair)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "adding NAT rule should not return error")
 
 	err = manager.Reset()
 	require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 }
 
 func TestIptablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
-
 	if !isIptablesSupported() {
 		t.SkipNow()
 	}
@@ -79,52 +83,66 @@ func TestIptablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, manager.init(nil))
 
 			defer func() {
-				err := manager.Reset()
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Errorf("failed to reset iptables manager: %s", err)
-				}
+				assert.NoError(t, manager.Reset(), "shouldn't return error")
 			}()
 
 			err = manager.AddNatRule(testCase.InputPair)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "forwarding pair should be inserted")
+			require.NoError(t, err, "marking rule should be inserted")
 
 			natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, testCase.InputPair)
-			natRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, testCase.InputPair.Source, testCase.InputPair.Destination, ifaceMock.Name(), false)
-
-			exists, err := iptablesClient.Exists(tableNat, chainRTNAT, natRule...)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableNat, chainRTNAT)
-			if testCase.InputPair.Masquerade {
-				require.True(t, exists, "nat rule should be created")
-				foundNatRule, foundNat := manager.rules[natRuleKey]
-				require.True(t, foundNat, "nat rule should exist in the map")
-				require.Equal(t, natRule[:4], foundNatRule[:4], "stored nat rule should match")
-			} else {
-				require.False(t, exists, "nat rule should not be created")
-				_, foundNat := manager.rules[natRuleKey]
-				require.False(t, foundNat, "nat rule should not exist in the map")
+			markingRule := []string{
+				"-i", ifaceMock.Name(),
+				"-m", "conntrack",
+				"--ctstate", "NEW",
+				"-s", testCase.InputPair.Source.String(),
+				"-d", testCase.InputPair.Destination.String(),
+				"-j", "MARK", "--set-mark",
+				fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade),
 			}
 
-			inNatRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair))
-			inNatRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair).Source, firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair).Destination, ifaceMock.Name(), true)
-
-			exists, err = iptablesClient.Exists(tableNat, chainRTNAT, inNatRule...)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableNat, chainRTNAT)
+			exists, err := iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, markingRule...)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainRTPRE)
 			if testCase.InputPair.Masquerade {
-				require.True(t, exists, "income nat rule should be created")
-				foundNatRule, foundNat := manager.rules[inNatRuleKey]
-				require.True(t, foundNat, "income nat rule should exist in the map")
-				require.Equal(t, inNatRule[:4], foundNatRule[:4], "stored income nat rule should match")
+				require.True(t, exists, "marking rule should be created")
+				foundRule, found := manager.rules[natRuleKey]
+				require.True(t, found, "marking rule should exist in the map")
+				require.Equal(t, markingRule, foundRule, "stored marking rule should match")
 			} else {
-				require.False(t, exists, "nat rule should not be created")
-				_, foundNat := manager.rules[inNatRuleKey]
-				require.False(t, foundNat, "income nat rule should not exist in the map")
+				require.False(t, exists, "marking rule should not be created")
+				_, found := manager.rules[natRuleKey]
+				require.False(t, found, "marking rule should not exist in the map")
+			}
+
+			// Check inverse rule
+			inversePair := firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair)
+			inverseRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, inversePair)
+			inverseMarkingRule := []string{
+				"!", "-i", ifaceMock.Name(),
+				"-m", "conntrack",
+				"--ctstate", "NEW",
+				"-s", inversePair.Source.String(),
+				"-d", inversePair.Destination.String(),
+				"-j", "MARK", "--set-mark",
+				fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn),
+			}
+
+			exists, err = iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, inverseMarkingRule...)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainRTPRE)
+			if testCase.InputPair.Masquerade {
+				require.True(t, exists, "inverse marking rule should be created")
+				foundRule, found := manager.rules[inverseRuleKey]
+				require.True(t, found, "inverse marking rule should exist in the map")
+				require.Equal(t, inverseMarkingRule, foundRule, "stored inverse marking rule should match")
+			} else {
+				require.False(t, exists, "inverse marking rule should not be created")
+				_, found := manager.rules[inverseRuleKey]
+				require.False(t, found, "inverse marking rule should not exist in the map")
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestIptablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
-
 	if !isIptablesSupported() {
 		t.SkipNow()
 	}
@@ -137,42 +155,52 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 			require.NoError(t, manager.init(nil))
 			defer func() {
-				_ = manager.Reset()
+				assert.NoError(t, manager.Reset(), "shouldn't return error")
 			}()
 
-			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
-
-			natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, testCase.InputPair)
-			natRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, testCase.InputPair.Source, testCase.InputPair.Destination, ifaceMock.Name(), false)
-
-			err = iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainRTNAT, 1, natRule...)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "inserting rule should not return error")
-
-			inNatRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair))
-			inNatRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair).Source, firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair).Destination, ifaceMock.Name(), true)
-
-			err = iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainRTNAT, 1, inNatRule...)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "inserting rule should not return error")
-
-			err = manager.Reset()
-			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
+			err = manager.AddNatRule(testCase.InputPair)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should add NAT rule without error")
 
 			err = manager.RemoveNatRule(testCase.InputPair)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 
-			exists, err := iptablesClient.Exists(tableNat, chainRTNAT, natRule...)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableNat, chainRTNAT)
-			require.False(t, exists, "nat rule should not exist")
+			natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, testCase.InputPair)
+			markingRule := []string{
+				"-i", ifaceMock.Name(),
+				"-m", "conntrack",
+				"--ctstate", "NEW",
+				"-s", testCase.InputPair.Source.String(),
+				"-d", testCase.InputPair.Destination.String(),
+				"-j", "MARK", "--set-mark",
+				fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade),
+			}
+
+			exists, err := iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, markingRule...)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainRTPRE)
+			require.False(t, exists, "marking rule should not exist")
 
 			_, found := manager.rules[natRuleKey]
-			require.False(t, found, "nat rule should exist in the manager map")
+			require.False(t, found, "marking rule should not exist in the manager map")
 
-			exists, err = iptablesClient.Exists(tableNat, chainRTNAT, inNatRule...)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableNat, chainRTNAT)
-			require.False(t, exists, "income nat rule should not exist")
+			// Check inverse rule removal
+			inversePair := firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair)
+			inverseRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, inversePair)
+			inverseMarkingRule := []string{
+				"!", "-i", ifaceMock.Name(),
+				"-m", "conntrack",
+				"--ctstate", "NEW",
+				"-s", inversePair.Source.String(),
+				"-d", inversePair.Destination.String(),
+				"-j", "MARK", "--set-mark",
+				fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn),
+			}
 
-			_, found = manager.rules[inNatRuleKey]
-			require.False(t, found, "income nat rule should exist in the manager map")
+			exists, err = iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, inverseMarkingRule...)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainRTPRE)
+			require.False(t, exists, "inverse marking rule should not exist")
+
+			_, found = manager.rules[inverseRuleKey]
+			require.False(t, found, "inverse marking rule should not exist in the map")
 		})
 	}
 }

client/firewall/manager/firewall.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 const (
 	ForwardingFormatPrefix = "netbird-fwd-"
 	ForwardingFormat       = "netbird-fwd-%s-%t"
+	PreroutingFormat       = "netbird-prerouting-%s-%t"
 	NatFormat              = "netbird-nat-%s-%t"
 )
 

client/firewall/nftables/acl_linux.go

@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ func (m *AclManager) addPreroutingRule(preroutingChain *nftables.Chain) {
 			},
 			&expr.Immediate{
 				Register: 1,
-				Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmark),
+				Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected),
 			},
 			&expr.Meta{
 				Key:            expr.MetaKeyMARK,
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ func (m *AclManager) addFwmarkToForward(chainFwFilter *nftables.Chain) {
 			&expr.Cmp{
 				Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
 				Register: 1,
-				Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmark),
+				Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected),
 			},
 			&expr.Verdict{
 				Kind:  expr.VerdictJump,

client/firewall/nftables/router_linux.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/id"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -124,7 +125,6 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 	insertReturnTrafficRule(r.conn, r.workTable, r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw])
 
 	prio := *nftables.ChainPriorityNATSource - 1
-
 	r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
 		Name:     chainNameRoutingNat,
 		Table:    r.workTable,
@@ -133,6 +133,21 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
 	})
 
+	// Chain is created by acl manager
+	// TODO: move creation to a common place
+	r.chains[chainNamePrerouting] = &nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainNamePrerouting,
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPrerouting,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityMangle,
+	}
+
+	// Add the single NAT rule that matches on mark
+	if err := r.addPostroutingRules(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add single nat rule: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	if err := r.acceptForwardRules(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to add accept rules for the forward chain: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -422,59 +437,149 @@ func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	sourceExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, pair.Source)
 	destExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, pair.Destination)
 
-	dir := expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME
-	notDir := expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME
+	op := expr.CmpOpEq
 	if pair.Inverse {
-		dir = expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME
-		notDir = expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME
+		op = expr.CmpOpNeq
 	}
 
-	lo := ifname("lo")
-	intf := ifname(r.wgIface.Name())
-
 	exprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:      dir,
+		// We only care about NEW connections to mark them and later identify them in the postrouting chain for masquerading.
+		// Masquerading will take care of the conntrack state, which means we won't need to mark established connections.
+		&expr.Ct{
+			Key:      expr.CtKeySTATE,
 			Register: 1,
 		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     intf,
-		},
-
-		// We need to exclude the loopback interface as this changes the ebpf proxy port
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:      notDir,
-			Register: 1,
+		&expr.Bitwise{
+			SourceRegister: 1,
+			DestRegister:   1,
+			Len:            4,
+			Mask:           binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(expr.CtStateBitNEW),
+			Xor:            binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(0),
 		},
 		&expr.Cmp{
 			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
 			Register: 1,
-			Data:     lo,
+			Data:     []byte{0, 0, 0, 0},
+		},
+
+		// interface matching
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       op,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
 		},
 	}
 
 	exprs = append(exprs, sourceExp...)
 	exprs = append(exprs, destExp...)
+
+	var markValue uint32 = nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade
+	if pair.Inverse {
+		markValue = nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn
+	}
+
 	exprs = append(exprs,
-		&expr.Counter{}, &expr.Masq{},
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(markValue),
+		},
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:            expr.MetaKeyMARK,
+			SourceRegister: true,
+			Register:       1,
+		},
 	)
 
-	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, pair)
+	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, pair)
 
 	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
 		if err := r.removeNatRule(pair); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove routing rule: %w", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting rule: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	r.rules[ruleKey] = r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
 		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat],
+		Chain:    r.chains[chainNamePrerouting],
 		Exprs:    exprs,
 		UserData: []byte(ruleKey),
 	})
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// addPostroutingRules adds the masquerade rules
+func (r *router) addPostroutingRules() error {
+	// First masquerade rule for traffic coming in from WireGuard interface
+	exprs := []expr.Any{
+		// Match on the first fwmark
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyMARK,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade),
+		},
+
+		// We need to exclude the loopback interface as this changes the ebpf proxy port
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname("lo"),
+		},
+		&expr.Counter{},
+		&expr.Masq{},
+	}
+
+	r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat],
+		Exprs: exprs,
+	})
+
+	// Second masquerade rule for traffic going out through WireGuard interface
+	exprs2 := []expr.Any{
+		// Match on the second fwmark
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyMARK,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn),
+		},
+
+		// Match WireGuard interface
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+		&expr.Counter{},
+		&expr.Masq{},
+	}
+
+	r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat],
+		Exprs: exprs2,
+	})
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -723,18 +828,18 @@ func (r *router) removeAcceptForwardRulesIptables(ipt *iptables.IPTables) error
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
-// RemoveNatRule removes a nftables rule pair from nat chains
+// RemoveNatRule removes the prerouting mark rule
 func (r *router) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
 	}
 
 	if err := r.removeNatRule(pair); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("remove nat rule: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting rule: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if err := r.removeNatRule(firewall.GetInversePair(pair)); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("remove inverse nat rule: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove inverse prerouting rule: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
@@ -749,21 +854,20 @@ func (r *router) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// removeNatRule adds a nftables rule to the removal queue and deletes it from the rules map
 func (r *router) removeNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, pair)
+	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, pair)
 
 	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
 		err := r.conn.DelRule(rule)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove nat rule %s -> %s: %v", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting rule %s -> %s: %v", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
 		}
 
-		log.Debugf("nftables: removed nat rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
+		log.Debugf("nftables: removed prerouting rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
 
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
 	} else {
-		log.Debugf("nftables: nat rule %s not found", ruleKey)
+		log.Debugf("nftables: prerouting rule %s not found", ruleKey)
 	}
 
 	return nil

client/firewall/nftables/router_linux_test.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables"
 	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/binaryutil"
 	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -32,100 +33,87 @@ func TestNftablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this OS")
 	}
 
-	table, err := createWorkTable()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create work table")
-
-	defer deleteWorkTable()
-
 	for _, testCase := range test.InsertRuleTestCases {
 		t.Run(testCase.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			manager, err := newRouter(table, ifaceMock)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "failed to create router")
-			require.NoError(t, manager.init(table))
+			// need fw manager to init both acl mgr and router for all chains to be present
+			manager, err := Create(ifaceMock)
+			t.Cleanup(func() {
+				require.NoError(t, manager.Reset(nil))
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
 
 			nftablesTestingClient := &nftables.Conn{}
 
-			defer func(manager *router) {
-				require.NoError(t, manager.Reset(), "failed to reset rules")
-			}(manager)
-
-			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
-
-			err = manager.AddNatRule(testCase.InputPair)
+			rtr := manager.router
+			err = rtr.AddNatRule(testCase.InputPair)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "pair should be inserted")
 
-			defer func(manager *router, pair firewall.RouterPair) {
-				require.NoError(t, manager.RemoveNatRule(pair), "failed to remove rule")
-			}(manager, testCase.InputPair)
+			t.Cleanup(func() {
+				require.NoError(t, rtr.RemoveNatRule(testCase.InputPair), "failed to remove rule")
+			})
 
 			if testCase.InputPair.Masquerade {
-				sourceExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, testCase.InputPair.Source)
-				destExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
-				testingExpression := append(sourceExp, destExp...) //nolint:gocritic
-				testingExpression = append(testingExpression,
-					&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
+				// Build expected expressions for connection tracking
+				conntrackExprs := []expr.Any{
+					&expr.Ct{
+						Key:      expr.CtKeySTATE,
+						Register: 1,
+					},
+					&expr.Bitwise{
+						SourceRegister: 1,
+						DestRegister:   1,
+						Len:            4,
+						Mask:           binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(expr.CtStateBitNEW),
+						Xor:            binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(0),
+					},
+					&expr.Cmp{
+						Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
+						Register: 1,
+						Data:     []byte{0, 0, 0, 0},
+					},
+				}
+
+				// Build interface matching expression
+				ifaceExprs := []expr.Any{
+					&expr.Meta{
+						Key:      expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME,
+						Register: 1,
+					},
 					&expr.Cmp{
 						Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
 						Register: 1,
 						Data:     ifname(ifaceMock.Name()),
 					},
-					&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME, Register: 1},
-					&expr.Cmp{
-						Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
-						Register: 1,
-						Data:     ifname("lo"),
-					},
-				)
-
-				natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, testCase.InputPair)
-				found := 0
-				for _, chain := range manager.chains {
-					rules, err := nftablesTestingClient.GetRules(chain.Table, chain)
-					require.NoError(t, err, "should list rules for %s table and %s chain", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name)
-					for _, rule := range rules {
-						if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && string(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
-							require.ElementsMatchf(t, rule.Exprs[:len(testingExpression)], testingExpression, "nat rule elements should match")
-							found = 1
-						}
-					}
 				}
-				require.Equal(t, 1, found, "should find at least 1 rule to test")
-			}
 
-			if testCase.InputPair.Masquerade {
+				// Build CIDR matching expressions
 				sourceExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, testCase.InputPair.Source)
 				destExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
-				testingExpression := append(sourceExp, destExp...) //nolint:gocritic
-				testingExpression = append(testingExpression,
-					&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME, Register: 1},
-					&expr.Cmp{
-						Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-						Register: 1,
-						Data:     ifname(ifaceMock.Name()),
-					},
-					&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
-					&expr.Cmp{
-						Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
-						Register: 1,
-						Data:     ifname("lo"),
-					},
-				)
 
-				inNatRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair))
+				// Combine all expressions in the correct order
+				// nolint:gocritic
+				testingExpression := append(conntrackExprs, ifaceExprs...)
+				testingExpression = append(testingExpression, sourceExp...)
+				testingExpression = append(testingExpression, destExp...)
+
+				natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, testCase.InputPair)
 				found := 0
-				for _, chain := range manager.chains {
-					rules, err := nftablesTestingClient.GetRules(chain.Table, chain)
-					require.NoError(t, err, "should list rules for %s table and %s chain", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name)
-					for _, rule := range rules {
-						if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && string(rule.UserData) == inNatRuleKey {
-							require.ElementsMatchf(t, rule.Exprs[:len(testingExpression)], testingExpression, "income nat rule elements should match")
-							found = 1
+				for _, chain := range rtr.chains {
+					if chain.Name == chainNamePrerouting {
+						rules, err := nftablesTestingClient.GetRules(chain.Table, chain)
+						require.NoError(t, err, "should list rules for %s table and %s chain", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name)
+						for _, rule := range rules {
+							if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && string(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
+								// Compare expressions up to the mark setting expressions
+								require.ElementsMatchf(t, rule.Exprs[:len(testingExpression)], testingExpression, "prerouting nat rule elements should match")
+								found = 1
+							}
 						}
 					}
 				}
-				require.Equal(t, 1, found, "should find at least 1 rule to test")
+				require.Equal(t, 1, found, "should find at least 1 rule in prerouting chain")
 			}
-
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -135,68 +123,66 @@ func TestNftablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this OS")
 	}
 
-	table, err := createWorkTable()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create work table")
-
-	defer deleteWorkTable()
-
 	for _, testCase := range test.RemoveRuleTestCases {
 		t.Run(testCase.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			manager, err := newRouter(table, ifaceMock)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "failed to create router")
-			require.NoError(t, manager.init(table))
-
-			nftablesTestingClient := &nftables.Conn{}
-
-			defer func(manager *router) {
-				require.NoError(t, manager.Reset(), "failed to reset rules")
-			}(manager)
-
-			sourceExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, testCase.InputPair.Source)
-			destExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
-
-			natExp := append(sourceExp, append(destExp, &expr.Counter{}, &expr.Masq{})...) //nolint:gocritic
-			natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, testCase.InputPair)
-
-			insertedNat := nftablesTestingClient.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
-				Table:    manager.workTable,
-				Chain:    manager.chains[chainNameRoutingNat],
-				Exprs:    natExp,
-				UserData: []byte(natRuleKey),
+			manager, err := Create(ifaceMock)
+			t.Cleanup(func() {
+				require.NoError(t, manager.Reset(nil))
 			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
 
-			sourceExp = generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair).Source)
-			destExp = generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair).Destination)
+			rtr := manager.router
 
-			natExp = append(sourceExp, append(destExp, &expr.Counter{}, &expr.Masq{})...) //nolint:gocritic
-			inNatRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair))
+			// First add the NAT rule using the router's method
+			err = rtr.AddNatRule(testCase.InputPair)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should add NAT rule")
 
-			insertedInNat := nftablesTestingClient.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
-				Table:    manager.workTable,
-				Chain:    manager.chains[chainNameRoutingNat],
-				Exprs:    natExp,
-				UserData: []byte(inNatRuleKey),
-			})
-
-			err = nftablesTestingClient.Flush()
-			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
-
-			err = manager.Reset()
-			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
-
-			err = manager.RemoveNatRule(testCase.InputPair)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
-
-			for _, chain := range manager.chains {
-				rules, err := nftablesTestingClient.GetRules(chain.Table, chain)
-				require.NoError(t, err, "should list rules for %s table and %s chain", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name)
-				for _, rule := range rules {
-					if len(rule.UserData) > 0 {
-						require.NotEqual(t, insertedNat.UserData, rule.UserData, "nat rule should not exist")
-						require.NotEqual(t, insertedInNat.UserData, rule.UserData, "income nat rule should not exist")
-					}
+			// Verify the rule was added
+			natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, testCase.InputPair)
+			found := false
+			rules, err := rtr.conn.GetRules(rtr.workTable, rtr.chains[chainNamePrerouting])
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should list rules")
+			for _, rule := range rules {
+				if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && string(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
+					found = true
+					break
 				}
 			}
+			require.True(t, found, "NAT rule should exist before removal")
+
+			// Now remove the rule
+			err = rtr.RemoveNatRule(testCase.InputPair)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error when removing rule")
+
+			// Verify the rule was removed
+			found = false
+			rules, err = rtr.conn.GetRules(rtr.workTable, rtr.chains[chainNamePrerouting])
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should list rules after removal")
+			for _, rule := range rules {
+				if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && string(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
+					found = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			require.False(t, found, "NAT rule should not exist after removal")
+
+			// Verify the static postrouting rules still exist
+			rules, err = rtr.conn.GetRules(rtr.workTable, rtr.chains[chainNameRoutingNat])
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should list postrouting rules")
+			foundCounter := false
+			for _, rule := range rules {
+				for _, e := range rule.Exprs {
+					if _, ok := e.(*expr.Counter); ok {
+						foundCounter = true
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				if foundCounter {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			require.True(t, foundCounter, "static postrouting rule should remain")
 		})
 	}
 }

client/iface/bind/ice_bind.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pion/transport/v3"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
 	wgConn "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
 )
 
@@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ type receiverCreator struct {
 	iceBind *ICEBind
 }
 
-func (rc receiverCreator) CreateIPv4ReceiverFn(msgPool *sync.Pool, pc *ipv4.PacketConn, conn *net.UDPConn) wgConn.ReceiveFunc {
-	return rc.iceBind.createIPv4ReceiverFn(msgPool, pc, conn)
+func (rc receiverCreator) CreateIPv4ReceiverFn(pc *ipv4.PacketConn, conn *net.UDPConn, rxOffload bool, msgPool *sync.Pool) wgConn.ReceiveFunc {
+	return rc.iceBind.createIPv4ReceiverFn(pc, conn, rxOffload, msgPool)
 }
 
 // ICEBind is a bind implementation with two main features:
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ func (b *ICEBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, ep wgConn.Endpoint) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *ICEBind) createIPv4ReceiverFn(ipv4MsgsPool *sync.Pool, pc *ipv4.PacketConn, conn *net.UDPConn) wgConn.ReceiveFunc {
+func (s *ICEBind) createIPv4ReceiverFn(pc *ipv4.PacketConn, conn *net.UDPConn, rxOffload bool, msgsPool *sync.Pool) wgConn.ReceiveFunc {
 	s.muUDPMux.Lock()
 	defer s.muUDPMux.Unlock()
 
@@ -166,16 +167,30 @@ func (s *ICEBind) createIPv4ReceiverFn(ipv4MsgsPool *sync.Pool, pc *ipv4.PacketC
 		},
 	)
 	return func(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []wgConn.Endpoint) (n int, err error) {
-		msgs := ipv4MsgsPool.Get().(*[]ipv4.Message)
-		defer ipv4MsgsPool.Put(msgs)
+		msgs := getMessages(msgsPool)
 		for i := range bufs {
 			(*msgs)[i].Buffers[0] = bufs[i]
+			(*msgs)[i].OOB = (*msgs)[i].OOB[:cap((*msgs)[i].OOB)]
 		}
+		defer putMessages(msgs, msgsPool)
 		var numMsgs int
-		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
-			numMsgs, err = pc.ReadBatch(*msgs, 0)
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, err
+		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "android" {
+			if rxOffload {
+				readAt := len(*msgs) - (wgConn.IdealBatchSize / wgConn.UdpSegmentMaxDatagrams)
+				//nolint
+				numMsgs, err = pc.ReadBatch((*msgs)[readAt:], 0)
+				if err != nil {
+					return 0, err
+				}
+				numMsgs, err = wgConn.SplitCoalescedMessages(*msgs, readAt, wgConn.GetGSOSize)
+				if err != nil {
+					return 0, err
+				}
+			} else {
+				numMsgs, err = pc.ReadBatch(*msgs, 0)
+				if err != nil {
+					return 0, err
+				}
 			}
 		} else {
 			msg := &(*msgs)[0]
@@ -191,11 +206,12 @@ func (s *ICEBind) createIPv4ReceiverFn(ipv4MsgsPool *sync.Pool, pc *ipv4.PacketC
 			// todo: handle err
 			ok, _ := s.filterOutStunMessages(msg.Buffers, msg.N, msg.Addr)
 			if ok {
-				sizes[i] = 0
-			} else {
-				sizes[i] = msg.N
+				continue
+			}
+			sizes[i] = msg.N
+			if sizes[i] == 0 {
+				continue
 			}
-
 			addrPort := msg.Addr.(*net.UDPAddr).AddrPort()
 			ep := &wgConn.StdNetEndpoint{AddrPort: addrPort} // TODO: remove allocation
 			wgConn.GetSrcFromControl(msg.OOB[:msg.NN], ep)
@@ -273,3 +289,15 @@ func fakeAddress(peerAddress *net.UDPAddr) (*net.UDPAddr, error) {
 	}
 	return newAddr, nil
 }
+
+func getMessages(msgsPool *sync.Pool) *[]ipv6.Message {
+	return msgsPool.Get().(*[]ipv6.Message)
+}
+
+func putMessages(msgs *[]ipv6.Message, msgsPool *sync.Pool) {
+	for i := range *msgs {
+		(*msgs)[i].OOB = (*msgs)[i].OOB[:0]
+		(*msgs)[i] = ipv6.Message{Buffers: (*msgs)[i].Buffers, OOB: (*msgs)[i].OOB}
+	}
+	msgsPool.Put(msgs)
+}

go.mod

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.59
 	github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure/v2 v2.0.2
 	github.com/nadoo/ipset v0.5.0
-	github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations v0.0.0-20240929132811-9af486d346fd
+	github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations v0.0.0-20241106153857-de8e2beb5254
 	github.com/netbirdio/signal-dispatcher/dispatcher v0.0.0-20241010133937-e0df50df217d
 	github.com/okta/okta-sdk-golang/v2 v2.18.0
 	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang v1.12.0
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ replace github.com/kardianos/service => github.com/netbirdio/service v0.0.0-2024
 
 replace github.com/getlantern/systray => github.com/netbirdio/systray v0.0.0-20231030152038-ef1ed2a27949
 
-replace golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard => github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20240105182236-6c340dd55aed
+replace golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard => github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20241107152827-57d8513b5f73
 
 replace github.com/cloudflare/circl => github.com/cunicu/circl v0.0.0-20230801113412-fec58fc7b5f6
 

go.sum

@@ -521,14 +521,14 @@ github.com/netbirdio/go-netroute v0.0.0-20240611143515-f59b0e1d3944 h1:TDtJKmM6S
 github.com/netbirdio/go-netroute v0.0.0-20240611143515-f59b0e1d3944/go.mod h1:sHA6TRxjQ6RLbnI+3R4DZo2Eseg/iKiPRfNmcuNySVQ=
 github.com/netbirdio/ice/v3 v3.0.0-20240315174635-e72a50fcb64e h1:PURA50S8u4mF6RrkYYCAvvPCixhqqEiEy3Ej6avh04c=
 github.com/netbirdio/ice/v3 v3.0.0-20240315174635-e72a50fcb64e/go.mod h1:YMLU7qbKfVjmEv7EoZPIVEI+kNYxWCdPK3VS0BU+U4Q=
-github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations v0.0.0-20240929132811-9af486d346fd h1:phKq1S1Y/lnqEhP5Qknta733+rPX16dRDHM7hKkot9c=
-github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations v0.0.0-20240929132811-9af486d346fd/go.mod h1:nykwWZnxb+sJz2Z//CEq45CMRWSHllH8pODKRB8eY7Y=
+github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations v0.0.0-20241106153857-de8e2beb5254 h1:L8mNd3tBxMdnQNxMNJ+/EiwHwizNOMy8/nHLVGNfjpg=
+github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations v0.0.0-20241106153857-de8e2beb5254/go.mod h1:nykwWZnxb+sJz2Z//CEq45CMRWSHllH8pODKRB8eY7Y=
 github.com/netbirdio/service v0.0.0-20240911161631-f62744f42502 h1:3tHlFmhTdX9axERMVN63dqyFqnvuD+EMJHzM7mNGON8=
 github.com/netbirdio/service v0.0.0-20240911161631-f62744f42502/go.mod h1:CIMRFEJVL+0DS1a3Nx06NaMn4Dz63Ng6O7dl0qH0zVM=
 github.com/netbirdio/signal-dispatcher/dispatcher v0.0.0-20241010133937-e0df50df217d h1:bRq5TKgC7Iq20pDiuC54yXaWnAVeS5PdGpSokFTlR28=
 github.com/netbirdio/signal-dispatcher/dispatcher v0.0.0-20241010133937-e0df50df217d/go.mod h1:5/sjFmLb8O96B5737VCqhHyGRzNFIaN/Bu7ZodXc3qQ=
-github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20240105182236-6c340dd55aed h1:t0UADZUJDaaZgfKrt8JUPrOLL9Mg/ryjP85RAH53qgs=
-github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20240105182236-6c340dd55aed/go.mod h1:tkCQ4FQXmpAgYVh++1cq16/dH4QJtmvpRv19DWGAHSA=
+github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20241107152827-57d8513b5f73 h1:jayg97LH/jJlvpIHVxueTfa+tfQ+FY8fy2sIhCwkz0g=
+github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20241107152827-57d8513b5f73/go.mod h1:tkCQ4FQXmpAgYVh++1cq16/dH4QJtmvpRv19DWGAHSA=
 github.com/nicksnyder/go-i18n/v2 v2.4.0 h1:3IcvPOAvnCKwNm0TB0dLDTuawWEj+ax/RERNC+diLMM=
 github.com/nicksnyder/go-i18n/v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:nxYSZE9M0bf3Y70gPQjN9ha7XNHX7gMc814+6wVyEI4=
 github.com/nxadm/tail v1.4.4/go.mod h1:kenIhsEOeOJmVchQTgglprH7qJGnHDVpk1VPCcaMI8A=

management/server/account.go

@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) peerInactivityExpirationJob(ctx context.Context
 
 		account, err := am.Store.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed getting account %s expiring peers", account.Id)
+			log.Errorf("failed getting account %s expiring peers", accountID)
 			return account.GetNextInactivePeerExpiration()
 		}
 

management/server/account_test.go

@@ -29,14 +29,18 @@ import (
 )
 
 type MocIntegratedValidator struct {
+	ValidatePeerFunc func(_ context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, peer *nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string, dnsDomain string, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *account.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, bool, error)
 }
 
 func (a MocIntegratedValidator) ValidateExtraSettings(_ context.Context, newExtraSettings *account.ExtraSettings, oldExtraSettings *account.ExtraSettings, peers map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (a MocIntegratedValidator) ValidatePeer(_ context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, peer *nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string, dnsDomain string, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *account.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, error) {
-	return update, nil
+func (a MocIntegratedValidator) ValidatePeer(_ context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, peer *nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string, dnsDomain string, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *account.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, bool, error) {
+	if a.ValidatePeerFunc != nil {
+		return a.ValidatePeerFunc(context.Background(), update, peer, userID, accountID, dnsDomain, peersGroup, extraSettings)
+	}
+	return update, false, nil
 }
 func (a MocIntegratedValidator) GetValidatedPeers(accountID string, groups map[string]*group.Group, peers map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, extraSettings *account.ExtraSettings) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
 	validatedPeers := make(map[string]struct{})
@@ -978,6 +982,110 @@ func TestAccountManager_DeleteAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func BenchmarkTest_GetAccountWithclaims(b *testing.B) {
+	claims := jwtclaims.AuthorizationClaims{
+		Domain:         "example.com",
+		UserId:         "pvt-domain-user",
+		DomainCategory: PrivateCategory,
+	}
+
+	publicClaims := jwtclaims.AuthorizationClaims{
+		Domain:         "test.com",
+		UserId:         "public-domain-user",
+		DomainCategory: PublicCategory,
+	}
+
+	am, err := createManager(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+	id, err := am.getAccountIDWithAuthorizationClaims(context.Background(), claims)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	pid, err := am.getAccountIDWithAuthorizationClaims(context.Background(), publicClaims)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	users := genUsers("priv", 100)
+
+	acc, err := am.Store.GetAccount(context.Background(), id)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	acc.Users = users
+
+	err = am.Store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), acc)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	userP := genUsers("pub", 100)
+
+	pacc, err := am.Store.GetAccount(context.Background(), pid)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	pacc.Users = userP
+
+	err = am.Store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), pacc)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	b.Run("public without account ID", func(b *testing.B) {
+		//b.ResetTimer()
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			_, err := am.getAccountIDWithAuthorizationClaims(context.Background(), publicClaims)
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	b.Run("private without account ID", func(b *testing.B) {
+		//b.ResetTimer()
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			_, err := am.getAccountIDWithAuthorizationClaims(context.Background(), claims)
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	b.Run("private with account ID", func(b *testing.B) {
+		claims.AccountId = id
+		//b.ResetTimer()
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			_, err := am.getAccountIDWithAuthorizationClaims(context.Background(), claims)
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+}
+
+func genUsers(p string, n int) map[string]*User {
+	users := map[string]*User{}
+	now := time.Now()
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		users[fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", p, i)] = &User{
+			Id:         fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", p, i),
+			Role:       UserRoleAdmin,
+			LastLogin:  now,
+			CreatedAt:  now,
+			Issued:     "api",
+			AutoGroups: []string{"one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten"},
+		}
+	}
+	return users
+}
+
 func TestAccountManager_AddPeer(t *testing.T) {
 	manager, err := createManager(t)
 	if err != nil {

management/server/integrated_validator/interface.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 // IntegratedValidator interface exists to avoid the circle dependencies
 type IntegratedValidator interface {
 	ValidateExtraSettings(ctx context.Context, newExtraSettings *account.ExtraSettings, oldExtraSettings *account.ExtraSettings, peers map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string) error
-	ValidatePeer(ctx context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, peer *nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string, dnsDomain string, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *account.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, error)
+	ValidatePeer(ctx context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, peer *nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string, dnsDomain string, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *account.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, bool, error)
 	PreparePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *account.ExtraSettings) *nbpeer.Peer
 	IsNotValidPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *account.ExtraSettings) (bool, bool, error)
 	GetValidatedPeers(accountID string, groups map[string]*nbgroup.Group, peers map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, extraSettings *account.ExtraSettings) (map[string]struct{}, error)

management/server/management_test.go

@@ -453,8 +453,8 @@ func (a MocIntegratedValidator) ValidateExtraSettings(_ context.Context, newExtr
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (a MocIntegratedValidator) ValidatePeer(_ context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, peer *nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string, dnsDomain string, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *account.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, error) {
-	return update, nil
+func (a MocIntegratedValidator) ValidatePeer(_ context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, peer *nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string, dnsDomain string, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *account.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, bool, error) {
+	return update, false, nil
 }
 
 func (a MocIntegratedValidator) GetValidatedPeers(accountID string, groups map[string]*group.Group, peers map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, extraSettings *account.ExtraSettings) (map[string]struct{}, error) {

management/server/peer.go

@@ -189,7 +189,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdatePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, user
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "peer %s not found", update.ID)
 	}
 
-	update, err = am.integratedPeerValidator.ValidatePeer(ctx, update, peer, userID, accountID, am.GetDNSDomain(), account.GetPeerGroupsList(peer.ID), account.Settings.Extra)
+	var requiresPeerUpdates bool
+	update, requiresPeerUpdates, err = am.integratedPeerValidator.ValidatePeer(ctx, update, peer, userID, accountID, am.GetDNSDomain(), account.GetPeerGroupsList(peer.ID), account.Settings.Extra)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -265,7 +266,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdatePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, user
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if peerLabelUpdated {
+	if peerLabelUpdated || requiresPeerUpdates {
 		am.updateAccountPeers(ctx, account)
 	}
 

management/server/peer_test.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/proto"
+	nbAccount "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
 	nbgroup "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/group"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
@@ -1398,6 +1399,50 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("validator requires update", func(t *testing.T) {
+		requireUpdateFunc := func(_ context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, peer *nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string, dnsDomain string, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *nbAccount.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, bool, error) {
+			return update, true, nil
+		}
+
+		manager.integratedPeerValidator = MocIntegratedValidator{ValidatePeerFunc: requireUpdateFunc}
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		_, err = manager.UpdatePeer(context.Background(), account.Id, userID, peer1)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("validator requires no update", func(t *testing.T) {
+		requireNoUpdateFunc := func(_ context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, peer *nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string, dnsDomain string, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *nbAccount.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, bool, error) {
+			return update, false, nil
+		}
+
+		manager.integratedPeerValidator = MocIntegratedValidator{ValidatePeerFunc: requireNoUpdateFunc}
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		_, err = manager.UpdatePeer(context.Background(), account.Id, userID, peer1)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate")
+		}
+	})
+
 	// Adding peer to group linked with policy should update account peers and send peer update
 	t.Run("adding peer to group linked with policy", func(t *testing.T) {
 		err = manager.SavePolicy(context.Background(), account.Id, userID, &Policy{

management/server/sql_store.go

@@ -69,9 +69,17 @@ func NewSqlStore(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, storeEngine StoreEngine, metr
 	if err != nil {
 		conns = runtime.NumCPU()
 	}
+
+	if storeEngine == SqliteStoreEngine {
+		if err == nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("setting NB_SQL_MAX_OPEN_CONNS is not supported for sqlite, using default value 1")
+		}
+		conns = 1
+	}
+
 	sql.SetMaxOpenConns(conns)
 
-	log.Infof("Set max open db connections to %d", conns)
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("Set max open db connections to %d", conns)
 
 	if err := migrate(ctx, db); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("migrate: %w", err)
@@ -292,13 +300,11 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetInstallationID() string {
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) SavePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	// To maintain data integrity, we create a copy of the peer's to prevent unintended updates to other fields.
 	peerCopy := peer.Copy()
 	peerCopy.AccountID = accountID
 
-	err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	err := s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		// check if peer exists before saving
 		var peerID string
 		result := tx.Model(&nbpeer.Peer{}).Select("id").Find(&peerID, accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, peer.ID)
@@ -319,9 +325,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SavePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.
 	})
 
 	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -329,8 +332,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SavePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) UpdateAccountDomainAttributes(ctx context.Context, accountID string, domain string, category string, isPrimaryDomain bool) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	accountCopy := Account{
 		Domain:                 domain,
 		DomainCategory:         category,
@@ -338,14 +339,11 @@ func (s *SqlStore) UpdateAccountDomainAttributes(ctx context.Context, accountID
 	}
 
 	fieldsToUpdate := []string{"domain", "domain_category", "is_domain_primary_account"}
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&Account{}).
+	result := s.db.Model(&Account{}).
 		Select(fieldsToUpdate).
 		Where(idQueryCondition, accountID).
 		Updates(&accountCopy)
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return result.Error
 	}
 
@@ -357,8 +355,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) UpdateAccountDomainAttributes(ctx context.Context, accountID
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) SavePeerStatus(accountID, peerID string, peerStatus nbpeer.PeerStatus) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var peerCopy nbpeer.Peer
 	peerCopy.Status = &peerStatus
 
@@ -371,9 +367,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SavePeerStatus(accountID, peerID string, peerStatus nbpeer.Pe
 		Where(accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, peerID).
 		Updates(&peerCopy)
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return result.Error
 	}
 
@@ -385,8 +378,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SavePeerStatus(accountID, peerID string, peerStatus nbpeer.Pe
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) SavePeerLocation(accountID string, peerWithLocation *nbpeer.Peer) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	// To maintain data integrity, we create a copy of the peer's location to prevent unintended updates to other fields.
 	var peerCopy nbpeer.Peer
 	// Since the location field has been migrated to JSON serialization,
@@ -398,9 +389,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SavePeerLocation(accountID string, peerWithLocation *nbpeer.P
 		Updates(peerCopy)
 
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return result.Error
 	}
 
@@ -414,8 +402,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SavePeerLocation(accountID string, peerWithLocation *nbpeer.P
 // SaveUsers saves the given list of users to the database.
 // It updates existing users if a conflict occurs.
 func (s *SqlStore) SaveUsers(accountID string, users map[string]*User) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	usersToSave := make([]User, 0, len(users))
 	for _, user := range users {
 		user.AccountID = accountID
@@ -429,9 +415,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SaveUsers(accountID string, users map[string]*User) error {
 		Clauses(clause.OnConflict{UpdateAll: true}).
 		Create(&usersToSave).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save users to store: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -440,13 +423,8 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SaveUsers(accountID string, users map[string]*User) error {
 
 // SaveUser saves the given user to the database.
 func (s *SqlStore) SaveUser(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, user *User) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Save(user)
+	result := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Save(user)
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save user to store: %v", result.Error)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -454,17 +432,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SaveUser(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, u
 
 // SaveGroups saves the given list of groups to the database.
 func (s *SqlStore) SaveGroups(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, groups []*nbgroup.Group) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	if len(groups) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Save(&groups)
+	result := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Save(&groups)
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save groups to store: %v", result.Error)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -491,10 +464,8 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string)
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, domain string) (string, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var accountID string
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&Account{}).Select("id").
+	result := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&Account{}).Select("id").
 		Where("domain = ? and is_domain_primary_account = ? and domain_category = ?",
 			strings.ToLower(domain), true, PrivateCategory,
 		).First(&accountID)
@@ -502,9 +473,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, lockStrength
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return "", status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "account not found: provided domain is not registered or is not private")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return "", status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("error when getting account from the store: %s", result.Error)
 		return "", status.NewGetAccountFromStoreError(result.Error)
 	}
@@ -513,17 +481,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, lockStrength
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountBySetupKey(ctx context.Context, setupKey string) (*Account, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var key SetupKey
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Select("account_id").First(&key, keyQueryCondition, setupKey)
+	result := s.db.Select("account_id").First(&key, keyQueryCondition, setupKey)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "account not found: index lookup failed")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return nil, status.NewSetupKeyNotFoundError(result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -535,17 +498,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountBySetupKey(ctx context.Context, setupKey string) (*
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetTokenIDByHashedToken(ctx context.Context, hashedToken string) (string, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var token PersonalAccessToken
 	result := s.db.First(&token, "hashed_token = ?", hashedToken)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return "", status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "account not found: index lookup failed")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return "", status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("error when getting token from the store: %s", result.Error)
 		return "", status.NewGetAccountFromStoreError(result.Error)
 	}
@@ -554,17 +512,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetTokenIDByHashedToken(ctx context.Context, hashedToken stri
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetUserByTokenID(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) (*User, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var token PersonalAccessToken
 	result := s.db.First(&token, idQueryCondition, tokenID)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "account not found: index lookup failed")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("error when getting token from the store: %s", result.Error)
 		return nil, status.NewGetAccountFromStoreError(result.Error)
 	}
@@ -588,18 +541,13 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetUserByTokenID(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) (*User,
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetUserByUserID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, userID string) (*User, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var user User
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).
+	result := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).
 		Preload(clause.Associations).First(&user, idQueryCondition, userID)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.NewUserNotFoundError(userID)
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return nil, status.NewGetUserFromStoreError()
 	}
 
@@ -607,17 +555,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetUserByUserID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStre
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*User, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var users []*User
 	result := s.db.Find(&users, accountIDCondition, accountID)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "accountID not found: index lookup failed")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("error when getting users from the store: %s", result.Error)
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue getting users from store")
 	}
@@ -626,17 +569,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*Us
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*nbgroup.Group, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var groups []*nbgroup.Group
 	result := s.db.Find(&groups, accountIDCondition, accountID)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "accountID not found: index lookup failed")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("error when getting groups from the store: %s", result.Error)
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue getting groups from store")
 	}
@@ -736,17 +674,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*Account,
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountByUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*Account, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var user User
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Select("account_id").First(&user, idQueryCondition, userID)
+	result := s.db.Select("account_id").First(&user, idQueryCondition, userID)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "account not found: index lookup failed")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return nil, status.NewGetAccountFromStoreError(result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -758,17 +691,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountByUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*Accoun
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountByPeerID(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (*Account, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var peer nbpeer.Peer
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Select("account_id").First(&peer, idQueryCondition, peerID)
+	result := s.db.Select("account_id").First(&peer, idQueryCondition, peerID)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "account not found: index lookup failed")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return nil, status.NewGetAccountFromStoreError(result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -780,17 +708,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountByPeerID(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (*Acco
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountByPeerPubKey(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (*Account, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var peer nbpeer.Peer
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Select("account_id").First(&peer, keyQueryCondition, peerKey)
+	result := s.db.Select("account_id").First(&peer, keyQueryCondition, peerKey)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "account not found: index lookup failed")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return nil, status.NewGetAccountFromStoreError(result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -802,18 +725,13 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountByPeerPubKey(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (string, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var peer nbpeer.Peer
 	var accountID string
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&peer).Select("account_id").Where(keyQueryCondition, peerKey).First(&accountID)
+	result := s.db.Model(&peer).Select("account_id").Where(keyQueryCondition, peerKey).First(&accountID)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return "", status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "account not found: index lookup failed")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return "", status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return "", status.NewGetAccountFromStoreError(result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -821,17 +739,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey(ctx context.Context, peerKey string)
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountIDByUserID(userID string) (string, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var accountID string
 	result := s.db.Model(&User{}).Select("account_id").Where(idQueryCondition, userID).First(&accountID)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return "", status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "account not found: index lookup failed")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return "", status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return "", status.NewGetAccountFromStoreError(result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -839,17 +752,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountIDByUserID(userID string) (string, error) {
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountIDBySetupKey(ctx context.Context, setupKey string) (string, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var accountID string
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&SetupKey{}).Select("account_id").Where(keyQueryCondition, setupKey).First(&accountID)
+	result := s.db.Model(&SetupKey{}).Select("account_id").Where(keyQueryCondition, setupKey).First(&accountID)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return "", status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "account not found: index lookup failed")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return "", status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return "", status.NewSetupKeyNotFoundError(result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -861,21 +769,16 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountIDBySetupKey(ctx context.Context, setupKey string)
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetTakenIPs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]net.IP, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var ipJSONStrings []string
 
 	// Fetch the IP addresses as JSON strings
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&nbpeer.Peer{}).
+	result := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&nbpeer.Peer{}).
 		Where("account_id = ?", accountID).
 		Pluck("ip", &ipJSONStrings)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "no peers found for the account")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue getting IPs from store: %s", result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -893,10 +796,8 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetTakenIPs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetPeerLabelsInAccount(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]string, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var labels []string
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&nbpeer.Peer{}).
+	result := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&nbpeer.Peer{}).
 		Where("account_id = ?", accountID).
 		Pluck("dns_label", &labels)
 
@@ -904,9 +805,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetPeerLabelsInAccount(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Lock
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "no peers found for the account")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("error when getting dns labels from the store: %s", result.Error)
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue getting dns labels from store: %s", result.Error)
 	}
@@ -915,33 +813,23 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetPeerLabelsInAccount(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Lock
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountNetwork(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*Network, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var accountNetwork AccountNetwork
-	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&Account{}).Where(idQueryCondition, accountID).First(&accountNetwork).Error; err != nil {
+	if err := s.db.Model(&Account{}).Where(idQueryCondition, accountID).First(&accountNetwork).Error; err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.NewAccountNotFoundError(accountID)
 		}
-		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue getting network from store: %s", err)
 	}
 	return accountNetwork.Network, nil
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetPeerByPeerPubKey(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, peerKey string) (*nbpeer.Peer, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var peer nbpeer.Peer
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).First(&peer, keyQueryCondition, peerKey)
+	result := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).First(&peer, keyQueryCondition, peerKey)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "peer not found")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue getting peer from store: %s", result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -949,16 +837,11 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetPeerByPeerPubKey(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Locking
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*Settings, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var accountSettings AccountSettings
-	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&Account{}).Where(idQueryCondition, accountID).First(&accountSettings).Error; err != nil {
+	if err := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&Account{}).Where(idQueryCondition, accountID).First(&accountSettings).Error; err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "settings not found")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue getting settings from store: %s", err)
 	}
 	return accountSettings.Settings, nil
@@ -966,17 +849,13 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingS
 
 // SaveUserLastLogin stores the last login time for a user in DB.
 func (s *SqlStore) SaveUserLastLogin(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, lastLogin time.Time) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var user User
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).First(&user, accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, userID)
+	result := s.db.First(&user, accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, userID)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return status.NewUserNotFoundError(userID)
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
+
 		return status.NewGetUserFromStoreError()
 	}
 	user.LastLogin = lastLogin
@@ -985,8 +864,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SaveUserLastLogin(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID stri
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetPostureCheckByChecksDefinition(accountID string, checks *posture.ChecksDefinition) (*posture.Checks, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	definitionJSON, err := json.Marshal(checks)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -995,9 +872,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetPostureCheckByChecksDefinition(accountID string, checks *p
 	var postureCheck posture.Checks
 	err = s.db.Where("account_id = ? AND checks = ?", accountID, string(definitionJSON)).First(&postureCheck).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -1107,27 +981,20 @@ func NewPostgresqlStoreFromSqlStore(ctx context.Context, sqliteStore *SqlStore,
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetSetupKeyBySecret(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, key string) (*SetupKey, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var setupKey SetupKey
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).
+	result := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).
 		First(&setupKey, keyQueryCondition, key)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "setup key not found")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return nil, status.NewSetupKeyNotFoundError(result.Error)
 	}
 	return &setupKey, nil
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) IncrementSetupKeyUsage(ctx context.Context, setupKeyID string) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&SetupKey{}).
+	result := s.db.Model(&SetupKey{}).
 		Where(idQueryCondition, setupKeyID).
 		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
 			"used_times": gorm.Expr("used_times + 1"),
@@ -1135,9 +1002,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) IncrementSetupKeyUsage(ctx context.Context, setupKeyID string
 		})
 
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue incrementing setup key usage count: %s", result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -1149,17 +1013,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) IncrementSetupKeyUsage(ctx context.Context, setupKeyID string
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) AddPeerToAllGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerID string) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var group nbgroup.Group
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Where("account_id = ? AND name = ?", accountID, "All").First(&group)
+	result := s.db.Where("account_id = ? AND name = ?", accountID, "All").First(&group)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "group 'All' not found for account")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue finding group 'All': %s", result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -1172,9 +1031,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) AddPeerToAllGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer
 	group.Peers = append(group.Peers, peerID)
 
 	if err := s.db.Save(&group).Error; err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue updating group 'All': %s", err)
 	}
 
@@ -1182,17 +1038,13 @@ func (s *SqlStore) AddPeerToAllGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) AddPeerToGroup(ctx context.Context, accountId string, peerId string, groupID string) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var group nbgroup.Group
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Where(accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountId, groupID).First(&group)
+	result := s.db.Where(accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountId, groupID).First(&group)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "group not found for account")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
+
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue finding group: %s", result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -1205,9 +1057,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) AddPeerToGroup(ctx context.Context, accountId string, peerId
 	group.Peers = append(group.Peers, peerId)
 
 	if err := s.db.Save(&group).Error; err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue updating group: %s", err)
 	}
 
@@ -1216,16 +1065,11 @@ func (s *SqlStore) AddPeerToGroup(ctx context.Context, accountId string, peerId
 
 // GetUserPeers retrieves peers for a user.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetUserPeers(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, userID string) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, error) {
-	return getRecords[*nbpeer.Peer](s.db.WithContext(ctx).Where("user_id = ?", userID), lockStrength, accountID)
+	return getRecords[*nbpeer.Peer](s.db.Where("user_id = ?", userID), lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) AddPeerToAccount(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.Peer) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
-	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Create(peer).Error; err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
+	if err := s.db.Create(peer).Error; err != nil {
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue adding peer to account: %s", err)
 	}
 
@@ -1233,20 +1077,15 @@ func (s *SqlStore) AddPeerToAccount(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.Peer) erro
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx context.Context, accountId string) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&Account{}).Where(idQueryCondition, accountId).Update("network_serial", gorm.Expr("network_serial + 1"))
+	result := s.db.Model(&Account{}).Where(idQueryCondition, accountId).Update("network_serial", gorm.Expr("network_serial + 1"))
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue incrementing network serial count: %s", result.Error)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) ExecuteInTransaction(ctx context.Context, operation func(store Store) error) error {
-	tx := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Begin()
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
 	if tx.Error != nil {
 		return tx.Error
 	}
@@ -1270,18 +1109,13 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetDB() *gorm.DB {
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*DNSSettings, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var accountDNSSettings AccountDNSSettings
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&Account{}).
+	result := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&Account{}).
 		First(&accountDNSSettings, idQueryCondition, accountID)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "dns settings not found")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return nil, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get dns settings from store: %v", result.Error)
 	}
 	return &accountDNSSettings.DNSSettings, nil
@@ -1289,18 +1123,13 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Locki
 
 // AccountExists checks whether an account exists by the given ID.
 func (s *SqlStore) AccountExists(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, id string) (bool, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var accountID string
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&Account{}).
+	result := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&Account{}).
 		Select("id").First(&accountID, idQueryCondition, id)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return false, nil
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return false, status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return false, result.Error
 	}
 
@@ -1309,18 +1138,13 @@ func (s *SqlStore) AccountExists(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStreng
 
 // GetAccountDomainAndCategory retrieves the Domain and DomainCategory fields for an account based on the given accountID.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountDomainAndCategory(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (string, string, error) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
 	var account Account
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&Account{}).Select("domain", "domain_category").
+	result := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Model(&Account{}).Select("domain", "domain_category").
 		Where(idQueryCondition, accountID).First(&account)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			return "", "", status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "account not found")
 		}
-		if errors.Is(result.Error, context.Canceled) {
-			return "", "", status.NewStoreContextCanceledError(time.Since(startTime))
-		}
 		return "", "", status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get domain category from store: %v", result.Error)
 	}
 
@@ -1329,7 +1153,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountDomainAndCategory(ctx context.Context, lockStrength
 
 // GetGroupByID retrieves a group by ID and account ID.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetGroupByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, groupID, accountID string) (*nbgroup.Group, error) {
-	return getRecordByID[nbgroup.Group](s.db.WithContext(ctx).Preload(clause.Associations), lockStrength, groupID, accountID)
+	return getRecordByID[nbgroup.Group](s.db.Preload(clause.Associations), lockStrength, groupID, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetGroupByName retrieves a group by name and account ID.
@@ -1338,7 +1162,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetGroupByName(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStren
 
 	// TODO: This fix is accepted for now, but if we need to handle this more frequently
 	// we may need to reconsider changing the types.
-	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Preload(clause.Associations)
+	query := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Preload(clause.Associations)
 	if s.storeEngine == PostgresStoreEngine {
 		query = query.Order("json_array_length(peers::json) DESC")
 	} else {
@@ -1357,7 +1181,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetGroupByName(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStren
 
 // SaveGroup saves a group to the store.
 func (s *SqlStore) SaveGroup(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, group *nbgroup.Group) error {
-	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Save(group)
+	result := s.db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)}).Save(group)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save group to store: %v", result.Error)
 	}
@@ -1366,56 +1190,56 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SaveGroup(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength,
 
 // GetAccountPolicies retrieves policies for an account.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountPolicies(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*Policy, error) {
-	return getRecords[*Policy](s.db.WithContext(ctx).Preload(clause.Associations), lockStrength, accountID)
+	return getRecords[*Policy](s.db.Preload(clause.Associations), lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetPolicyByID retrieves a policy by its ID and account ID.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetPolicyByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, policyID string, accountID string) (*Policy, error) {
-	return getRecordByID[Policy](s.db.WithContext(ctx).Preload(clause.Associations), lockStrength, policyID, accountID)
+	return getRecordByID[Policy](s.db.Preload(clause.Associations), lockStrength, policyID, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountPostureChecks retrieves posture checks for an account.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*posture.Checks, error) {
-	return getRecords[*posture.Checks](s.db.WithContext(ctx), lockStrength, accountID)
+	return getRecords[*posture.Checks](s.db, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetPostureChecksByID retrieves posture checks by their ID and account ID.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetPostureChecksByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, postureCheckID string, accountID string) (*posture.Checks, error) {
-	return getRecordByID[posture.Checks](s.db.WithContext(ctx), lockStrength, postureCheckID, accountID)
+	return getRecordByID[posture.Checks](s.db, lockStrength, postureCheckID, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountRoutes retrieves network routes for an account.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountRoutes(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*route.Route, error) {
-	return getRecords[*route.Route](s.db.WithContext(ctx), lockStrength, accountID)
+	return getRecords[*route.Route](s.db, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetRouteByID retrieves a route by its ID and account ID.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetRouteByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, routeID string, accountID string) (*route.Route, error) {
-	return getRecordByID[route.Route](s.db.WithContext(ctx), lockStrength, routeID, accountID)
+	return getRecordByID[route.Route](s.db, lockStrength, routeID, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountSetupKeys retrieves setup keys for an account.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountSetupKeys(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*SetupKey, error) {
-	return getRecords[*SetupKey](s.db.WithContext(ctx), lockStrength, accountID)
+	return getRecords[*SetupKey](s.db, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetSetupKeyByID retrieves a setup key by its ID and account ID.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetSetupKeyByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, setupKeyID string, accountID string) (*SetupKey, error) {
-	return getRecordByID[SetupKey](s.db.WithContext(ctx), lockStrength, setupKeyID, accountID)
+	return getRecordByID[SetupKey](s.db, lockStrength, setupKeyID, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountNameServerGroups retrieves name server groups for an account.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountNameServerGroups(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*nbdns.NameServerGroup, error) {
-	return getRecords[*nbdns.NameServerGroup](s.db.WithContext(ctx), lockStrength, accountID)
+	return getRecords[*nbdns.NameServerGroup](s.db, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetNameServerGroupByID retrieves a name server group by its ID and account ID.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetNameServerGroupByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, nsGroupID string, accountID string) (*nbdns.NameServerGroup, error) {
-	return getRecordByID[nbdns.NameServerGroup](s.db.WithContext(ctx), lockStrength, nsGroupID, accountID)
+	return getRecordByID[nbdns.NameServerGroup](s.db, lockStrength, nsGroupID, accountID)
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) DeleteSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID, keyID string) error {
-	return deleteRecordByID[SetupKey](s.db.WithContext(ctx), LockingStrengthUpdate, keyID, accountID)
+	return deleteRecordByID[SetupKey](s.db, LockingStrengthUpdate, keyID, accountID)
 }
 
 // getRecords retrieves records from the database based on the account ID.

relay/server/listener/ws/listener.go

@@ -63,13 +63,14 @@ func (l *Listener) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 func (l *Listener) onAccept(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	connRemoteAddr := remoteAddr(r)
 	wsConn, err := websocket.Accept(w, r, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to accept ws connection from %s: %s", r.RemoteAddr, err)
+		log.Errorf("failed to accept ws connection from %s: %s", connRemoteAddr, err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	rAddr, err := net.ResolveTCPAddr("tcp", r.RemoteAddr)
+	rAddr, err := net.ResolveTCPAddr("tcp", connRemoteAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		err = wsConn.Close(websocket.StatusInternalError, "internal error")
 		if err != nil {
@@ -90,3 +91,10 @@ func (l *Listener) onAccept(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	conn := NewConn(wsConn, lAddr, rAddr)
 	l.acceptFn(conn)
 }
+
+func remoteAddr(r *http.Request) string {
+	if r.Header.Get("X-Real-Ip") == "" || r.Header.Get("X-Real-Port") == "" {
+		return r.RemoteAddr
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", r.Header.Get("X-Real-Ip"), r.Header.Get("X-Real-Port"))
+}

util/net/net.go

@@ -11,8 +11,11 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	// NetbirdFwmark is the fwmark value used by Netbird via wireguard
-	NetbirdFwmark    = 0x1BD00
-	PreroutingFwmark = 0x1BD01
+	NetbirdFwmark = 0x1BD00
+
+	PreroutingFwmarkRedirected       = 0x1BD01
+	PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade       = 0x1BD11
+	PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn = 0x1BD12
 
 	envDisableCustomRouting = "NB_DISABLE_CUSTOM_ROUTING"
 )