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Junio C Hamano 010afd3166 The 12th batch 
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-08-07 14:48:01 -07:00

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Git v2.56 Release Notes
=======================
UI, Workflows & Features
------------------------
* Advice shown by "git status" when the local branch is behind or has
diverged from its push branch has been updated to suggest "git pull
<remote> <branch>".
* The handling of promisor-remote protocol capability has been updated
to allow the other side to add to the list of promisor remotes via the
'promisor.acceptFromServerURL' configuration variable.
* The 'ort' merge backend has been hardened against corrupt trees by
ensuring it aborts under appropriate error conditions.
* The `fetch.followRemoteHEAD` configuration variable has been added to
provide a default for the per-remote `remote.<name>.followRemoteHEAD`
setting.
* "git log --follow" has been updated to better handle non-linear
history, in which the path being tracked gets renamed differently in
multiple history lines.
* The "git repo info" command has been taught new keys to output both
absolute and relative paths for "gitdir" and "commondir", supported by
a new path-formatting helper extracted from "git rev-parse".
* When 'git push origin/main' or 'git branch origin main' is run, the
command is now recognized as a potential typo, and advice has been
added to offer a typo fix.
* The 'git refs' toolbox has been extended with new 'create', 'delete',
'update', and 'rename' subcommands to create, delete, update, and
rename references, respectively.
* The experimental 'git history' command has been taught a new 'drop'
subcommand to remove a commit, with its descendants replayed onto its
parent.
* The alignment of commit object name abbreviations in 'git blame'
output has been optimized to reserve a column for marks (caret,
question mark, or asterisk) only when such marks are actually shown.
* Option parsing with 'git rev-parse --parseopt' and in most 'git'
subcommands has been updated to exit with 0 (instead of 129) when the
help option ('-h' or '--help') is requested directly by the user,
aligning with standard Unix convention.
* The '[includeIf "condition"]' conditional inclusion facility for
configuration files has been taught to use the location of the
worktree in its condition.
* The usage string and SYNOPSIS for 'git fast-export' have been
standardized to make them consistent with each other and with other
commands.
* 'git log --graph' has been modified to visually distinguish parentless
'root' commits (and commits that become roots due to history
simplification) by indenting them, preventing them from appearing
falsely related to unrelated commits rendered immediately above them.
* Userdiff patterns for Swift have been added, with support for
Swift-specific constructs such as attributes, modifiers, failable
initializers, and generics.
* Configuration file locking has been updated to retry for a short
period, avoiding failures when multiple processes attempt to update
the configuration simultaneously.
* The 'remote-object-info' command has been added to 'git cat-file
--batch-command', allowing clients to request object metadata
(currently size) from a remote server via protocol v2 without
downloading the entire object. Format placeholders are dynamically
filtered on the client based on server-advertised capabilities,
returning empty strings for inapplicable or unsupported fields.
* 'git branch -d' has been taught to report when a branch cannot be
deleted because it is being used in an active bisect run.
Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
--------------------------------------------------------------
* The refactoring of 'setup.c' has been continued to drop remaining
global state (`git_work_tree_cfg`, `is_bare_repository_cfg`), updating
`is_bare_repository()` to no longer implicitly rely on
`the_repository`.
* Project-specific configuration for b4 has been introduced, and the
documentation has been updated to recommend using it as a
streamlined method for submitting patches.
* The default format path of git cat-file --batch has been optimized
to use strbuf_add_oid_hex() and strbuf_add_uint() instead of
strbuf_addf(), yielding a noticeable speedup.
* Commands that list branches and tags (like git branch and git tag)
have been optimized to pass the namespace prefix when initializing
their ref iterator, avoiding a loose-ref scaling regression in
repositories with many unrelated loose references.
* The packed object source has been refactored into a proper struct
odb_source.
* The global configuration variables protect_hfs and protect_ntfs have
been migrated into struct repo_config_values to tie them to
per-repository configuration state.
* The trailer sections in SubmittingPatches have been updated to
encourage use of standard trailers.
* The documentation in SubmittingPatches has been updated to clarify how
patch contributors should respond to design and viability critiques,
and how the resolution of such critiques should be recorded in the
final commit messages.
* The pack-objects command has been updated to support reachability
bitmaps and delta-islands concurrently with the `--path-walk` option,
allowing faster packaging by falling back to path-walk when bitmaps
cannot fully satisfy the request.
* Documentation on community contribution guidelines has been updated to
encourage replying to review comments before rerolling, and to advise
a default limit of at most one reroll per day to give reviewers across
different time zones enough time to participate.
* The lazy priority queue optimization pattern (deferring actual removal
in 'prio_queue_get()' to allow get+put fusion) has been folded
directly into 'prio_queue' itself, speeding up commit traversal
workflows and simplifying callers.
* The 'reprepare()' callback for object database sources has been
generalized into a 'prepare()' callback with an optional flush cache
flag, and a new 'odb_prepare()' wrapper has been introduced to allow
pre-opening object database sources.
* The 'whence' field in 'struct object_info' has been removed. The
backend-specific object information retrieval has been refactored into
an opt-in 'struct object_info_source' structure.
* A racy build failure under Meson has been corrected by ensuring that
the generated header file 'hook-list.h' is built before compiling
files in 'builtin_sources' that depend on it.
* The repository discovery and repository configuration phases, which
were previously intertwined in 'setup.c', have been split. Repository
discovery has been updated to populate a 'struct repo_discovery'
without modifying the repository state, which is then taken by
repository configuration to initialize the repository, paving the way
for clean unification of repository configuration.
* The 'SubmittingPatches' document has been updated to explicitly
describe the expectation for contributors to retract or abandon their
patch series when they are no longer pursuing it.
* The contributor guide has been updated to advise new contributors to
trim irrelevant quoted text when replying to review comments, matching
the existing advice given to reviewers.
* The build system has been updated to support building universal macOS
binaries when 'Rust' is enabled, by compiling separate static archives
for each target triple listed in 'RUST_TARGETS' and combining them
using the macOS 'lipo' tool. The 'git-credential-osxkeychain' helper
has been updated to link against '$(RUST_LIB)' when 'Rust' is enabled.
* The test suite has been updated to use the 'test_grep' helper instead
of bare 'grep' for test assertions, allowing file contents to be
printed on failure for easier debugging. A new 'greplint' linter has
been introduced to detect and prevent new bare 'grep' assertions from
being added to the test suite.
* The pipelines in 't1410-reflog.sh' have been replaced with the
'test_stdout_line_count' helper to avoid suppressing the exit code of
'git' commands, ensuring failures are not hidden from the test suite.
* The cache-scanning loop in 'next_cache_entry()' has been optimized
to avoid rescanning already-unpacked index entries, preventing a
quadratic performance slow-down when diffing the working tree
against a commit with a pathspec matching early index entries.
* The global configuration variable 'ignore_case' (representing the
'core.ignorecase' configuration) has been migrated into 'struct
repo_config_values' to tie it to a specific repository instance.
* The performance of ref updates and reads using the 'reftable' backend
in the presence of many deletion tombstone records has been optimized
by removing the tombstone suppression flag from the merged iterator
and instead skipping tombstones at higher-level call sites where
iteration bounds are known.
* Various code paths have been hardened against potential NULL-pointer
dereferences and invalid file descriptor accesses flagged by
Coverity.
* The in-tree 'b4' cover letter template has been updated to include the
'change-id' trailer, ensuring that sent tags generated by 'b4' contain
the required tracking information for subsequent runs.
* 'git receive-pack' has been refactored to use ODB transaction
interfaces instead of directly managing 'tmp_objdir' for staging
incoming objects, bringing it closer to being ODB backend agnostic.
* The test script 't/t9811-git-p4-label-import.sh' has been
modernized to use 'test_path_is_file' and 'test_path_is_missing'
instead of raw 'test -f' and '! test -f' calls.
* A redundant strbuf_reset() call in the 'HAVE_GETDELIM' path of
strbuf_getwholeline() has been removed, as getdelim() overwrites the
buffer and the length is updated afterward.
* The object database enumeration interface odb_for_each_object() has
been taught to accept object filters, allowing the underlying backends
to optimize the traversal by using reachability bitmaps when
available. 'git cat-file --batch-all-objects' has been updated to use
this generic interface, simplifying its code and avoiding direct
access to ODB backend internals.
* The test script 't/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh' has been modernized
by converting test cases to the modern style (using single quotes and
tab indentation) and moving the creation of the expected file inside
the setup test so it runs under the protection of the test harness.
* The test script 't/t7614-merge-signoff.sh' has been updated to avoid
suppressing the exit code of 'git' commands in a pipe.
* The 'git rev-list --no-walk' command has been corrected to restore
pathspec filtering, which was lost when the streaming walk was
refactored.
* The ref subsystem and the worktree API have been refactored to pass a
repository pointer down the call chain, allowing them to drop
references to the global 'the_repository' variable. As part of this,
the handling of the 'core.packedRefsTimeout' configuration has been
moved into the per-repository ref store structure.
* 'git branch --contains' and 'git for-each-ref --contains' have been
optimized to use the memoized commit traversal previously used only by
'git tag --contains', significantly speeding up connectivity checks
across many candidate refs with shared history.
* The passing of push destination specifications in the 'remote-curl'
helper has been simplified by removing the explicit 'count' parameter
and relying on the NULL-termination of the array.
* The dependency on the global 'the_repository' variable in the
'refspec.c' API has been removed by passing the hash algorithm
explicitly to refspec-parsing functions and storing it in 'struct
refspec'.
* The enumeration of untracked and ignored files in 'git status' has
been optimized by avoiding quadratic complexity when inserting into
string lists, reducing the construction cost from O(n^2) to O(n log
n).
* The copy_file() and copy_file_with_time() functions have been
refactored to take a repository parameter, allowing the removal of the
implicit dependency on the global 'the_repository' variable in
'copy.c'.
* The tempfile and lockfile APIs have been refactored to stop depending
on the 'the_repository' global variable, and their callers have been
updated to use the repository-aware variants.
* The 'trust_executable_bit' (coming from the 'core.filemode'
configuration) has been migrated into 'struct repo_config_values' to
tie it to a specific repository instance.
* The 'excludes_file' and various other global configuration variables
(including 'editor_program', 'pager_program', 'askpass_program', and
'push_default') have been migrated into the per-repository structure.
* The 'git stash push' command has been optimized to avoid unnecessary
sparse index expansion when pathspecs are wholly inside the
sparse-checkout cone. Also, a potential out-of-bounds read in the
sparse-index expansion check helper pathspec_needs_expanded_index()
has been fixed by consistently using the parsed, prefixed path.
* The logic to write loose objects has been refactored and moved from
'object-file.c' to the loose backend source file 'odb/source-loose.c',
making the loose backend more self-contained. This is achieved by
first refactoring force_object_loose() to use generic ODB write
interfaces instead of loose-backend internals.
* Object database housekeeping in 'git gc' and 'git maintenance' has
been refactored to be pluggable. The files-backend-specific logic,
including incremental and geometric repacking as well as object
pruning, has been moved out of the command implementation and into the
files object database source, enabling future alternative object
database backends to implement their own housekeeping services.
* The image version used by the static-analysis CI job has been bumped
to ubuntu-latest (Ubuntu 24.04), which brings in a newer Coccinelle
version that resolves a severe performance regression. A false
positive warning from the 'CHECK_ASSERTION_SIDE_EFFECTS' build with
GCC 15 in the Bloom filter code has also been silenced to facilitate
the image upgrade.
(merge 1a1579c42d jk/ci-static-analysis-image-bump later to maint).
* The alias tests in 't/t0014-alias.sh' have been updated to dynamically
query the list of deprecated commands using 'git
--list-cmds=deprecated' to avoid test failures when running with
'WITH_BREAKING_CHANGES' in a build directory that contains stale
executables of formerly deprecated commands.
(merge bc57ecb915 jk/t0014-dynamic-deprecated-cmds later to maint).
* The code path that deals with relative paths in the diff-lib has
been cleaned up.
* The get_commit_action() function has been refactored to be a pure
predicate by moving the side-effecting line-level log range folding to
simplify_commit(). This ensures that evaluating a commit's action
before the walk reaches it does not prematurely mutate its tracked
line ranges, making it safer for potential lookahead evaluations.
Fixes since v2.55
-----------------
* A regression in the error diagnosis code for invalid .git files has
been fixed, avoiding a potential NULL-pointer crash when reporting
that a .git file does not point to a valid repository.
(merge 54a441bcea jk/setup-gitfile-diag-fix later to maint).
* Support for hashing loose or packed objects larger than 4GB on Windows
and other LLP64 platforms has been improved by converting object header
buffers and data-handling functions from 'unsigned long' to 'size_t'.
(merge d99e13d0be po/hash-object-size-t later to maint).
* The display of the rebase todo list in "git status" has been
improved to correctly abbreviate object IDs for more commands and
avoid misinterpreting refs as object IDs.
(merge 6f34e5f9e3 pw/status-rebase-todo later to maint).
* Reference backend configuration has been updated to load lazily to
avoid recursive calls during repository initialization when 'onbranch'
configuration conditions are evaluated. This has also fixed a memory
leak and allowed the unused `chdir_notify_reparent()` machinery to be
dropped.
(merge d6522d01df ps/refs-onbranch-fixes later to maint).
* The connectivity check has been refactored to search for promisor
objects in a generic way using the object database interface,
rather than iterating packfiles directly. This allows connectivity
checks to work properly in repositories that do not use packfiles.
(merge 66ee9cb930 ps/connected-generic-promisor-checks later to maint).
* A test checking interactions between git rebase --quit and
autostash in t3420-rebase-autostash.sh has been corrected to use
test_path_is_missing instead of ! grep on a file that shouldn't
exist in the conflicted state.
(merge eaad121fef sg/t3420-do-not-grep-in-missing-file later to maint).
* The GPG and SSH signature parsing code has been corrected to strip
carriage return characters only when they immediately precede line
feeds, instead of unconditionally stripping all carriage returns.
(merge 5dea8b690b ad/gpg-strip-cr-before-lf later to maint).
* A memory leak in the 'reftable_writer_new()' initialization function
has been fixed by delaying the allocation of 'struct reftable_writer'
until after input options are validated.
(merge c6fb3b9c3e jk/reftable-leakfix later to maint).
* A memory leak in the '--base' handling of 'git format-patch' has been
plugged, and the leak reporting of the test suite when running under a
TAP harness has been improved.
(merge 973a0373ff jk/format-patch-leakfix later to maint).
* A write file stream resource leak has been fixed as part of a code
cleanup.
(merge ebb4d2ffa3 jc/history-message-prep-fix later to maint).
* Various memory leaks in the Bloom-filter code paths that are exposed
when running tests with the 'GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_CHANGED_PATHS=1'
environment variable have been plugged.
(merge 459088ec2e jk/bloom-leak-fixes later to maint).
* The wincred credential helper has been updated to avoid memory
corruption when erasing credentials and to prevent silent
credential loss when storing OAuth tokens, by correcting buffer
allocations and arguments passed to safe-CRT APIs.
(merge f635ab9ab4 js/wincred-fixes later to maint).
* Various code paths that initialize a cryptographic hash context but
bail out or finish without calling 'git_hash_final()' have been taught
to call 'git_hash_discard()' to release allocated resources, fixing
memory leaks when Git is built with non-default backends like
'OpenSSL' or 'libgcrypt'.
(merge 600588d2aa jk/hash-algo-leak-fixes later to maint).
* Various resource leaks, invalid file descriptor closures, and process
handle ownership issues flagged by Coverity have been fixed.
(merge 9184231173 js/coverity-fixes later to maint).
* Dockerized CI jobs running in private GitHub repositories have been
adjusted to use explicit process and file limits, preventing resource
exhaustion errors on private runners.
(merge bad766fbac js/ci-dockerized-pid-limit later to maint).
* Various test scripts have been updated to clean up large temporary
files and repositories, reducing peak disk usage during testing.
Also, expensive tests have been disabled on platforms that lack
sufficient resources (like 32-bit platforms and Windows CI runners),
and the long test suite has been enabled in GitLab CI.
(merge 84248444ad ps/t-fixes-for-git-test-long later to maint).
* The UTF-8 precomposition wrapper on macOS has been updated to use a
flexible array member to represent the name of a directory entry,
preventing fortified libc checks from failing when the name is
reallocated to be larger than 'NAME_MAX' bytes.
(merge 1eb281159f ih/precompose-flex-array later to maint).
* The 'git_hash_*()' wrappers have been updated to be used consistently
across the codebase instead of direct calls to members of 'struct
git_hash_algo', and 'git_hash_discard()' has been made idempotent to
simplify cleanups.
(merge 9e396aa553 jk/git-hash-cleanups later to maint).
* The sideband demultiplexer has been updated to recognize ANSI SGR
escape sequences that use colon-separated subfields (e.g., for
256-color or true-color codes).
(merge 3792b2aea4 mm/sideband-ansi-sgr-colon-fix later to maint).
* The 'reftable' code has been hardened against corrupted tables by
fixing out-of-bounds writes, out-of-bounds reads, and abort calls
during parsing.
(merge ca93c27328 ps/reftable-hardening later to maint).
* A description in the release notes for Git 2.55.0 has been
retroactively updated to clarify that Rust support is enabled by
default, but still optional, and will become mandatory in Git 3.0.
(merge 18b2009d14 jc/relnotes-2.55-rust-fix later to maint).
* The early-exit optimization in 'paint_down_to_common()' has been
gated on the queue being generation-ordered, fixing a bug where
'git merge-base' (without '--all') could return incorrect results
on repositories with v1 commit graphs and clock skew.
(merge ae68032a8d kk/commit-reach-find-all-fix later to maint).
* The client-side parser of the server-advertised bundle-URI list has
been updated to drain the remaining response in order to avoid
protocol desynchronization when the server sends a misconfigured list.
Also, the server-side has been taught to omit empty configuration
values instead of sending invalid key-value lines.
(merge 50de1169e4 tc/bundle-uri-empty-fix later to maint).
* The 'topo_levels' slab was propagated only to the topmost layer of a
split commit-graph chain, causing topological levels for commits in
base layers to be recomputed during incremental writes. This has been
corrected.
* The stream-based object signature verification path has been
corrected to avoid double-closing the stream on read errors.
(merge cfd52a74a0 ps/odb-stream-double-close-fix later to maint).
* The '-i' shorthand for the '--init' option, which was accepted by the
'git submodule update' command until it was broken in a modernization
of the option-parsing code, has been restored.
(merge ff1da37f58 dm/submodule-update-i-shorthand later to maint).
* An accidental use of the '%zu' format specifier in 'git
submodule--helper' has been corrected to use 'PRIuMAX' and cast the
value to 'uintmax_t' to avoid portability issues.
(merge 3279c13c00 jc/submodule-helper-avoid-zu later to maint).
* The rebase post-rewrite notes-copying logic has been corrected. When
a commit is dropped during rebase (e.g., because its changes are
already upstream), it is no longer recorded as rewritten, preventing
its notes from being copied to an unrelated commit.
(merge 42554b78fd pw/rebase-drop-notes-with-commit later to maint).
* A few memory problems in the Rust interface to C hash functions have
been corrected. The 'Clone' implementation of 'CryptoHasher' now
properly initializes the context before cloning, and its 'Drop'
implementation now discards the context to prevent leaks.
* The object ID shortening and linking in the 'commitdiff' view of
'gitweb' has been corrected to work even when the index line carries
a trailing file mode.
(merge fda513d6fe tl/gitweb-shorten-hashes-with-modes later to maint).
* When the push remote is specified as a URL, the fetch refspec of a
uniquely matching configured remote is now used to find and update
the remote-tracking branch (e.g., '@{push}').
* Traversals with '--exclude-first-parent-only' have been corrected
to properly stop after the first parent even when it has already
been marked as 'SEEN'.
(merge 47382f7398 jc/exclude-first-parent-seen later to maint).
* A segfault when 'git clone --revision' talks to a server that does not
support protocol v2 (falling back to protocol v0) has been corrected.
(merge 1034ad383f af/clone-revision-v0-segfault-fix later to maint).
* rewrites_release() in 'remote.c' has been updated to free 'struct
rewrite' instances, their '.instead_of' arrays, and their contents.
(merge dcef3bf041 jc/remote-insteadof-leakfix later to maint).
* The remote-matching logic for submodules has been corrected to resolve
'url.*.insteadOf' aliases before comparing the inventoried URL from
'.gitmodules' with the URLs of configured remotes.
* 'git diff --relative' running with '--cached' has been corrected to
avoid a segfault when encountering unmerged paths outside the
prefix.
(merge 447126ed7d jk/diff-relative-cached-unmerged later to maint).
* Two bugs in how 'git rebase' handles skipped 'fixup' and 'squash'
commands have been fixed. One bug caused an incorrect commit count to
be shown in the template message when multiple commands were skipped,
and another prevented the editor from opening when the final command
in a chain containing 'fixup -c' was skipped.
* Git for Windows has been updated to avoid auto-detecting the symlink
type if the target path starts with a slash, preventing NTLM
credential leaks when checking out repositories with crafted
symbolic links pointing to network shares.
* 'git cat-file --batch-command' that asked for 'contents' without
'type' segfaults, which has been corrected.
(merge 2abc7f0304 jk/cat-file-batch-wo-type-fix later to maint).
* A memory leak in 'git merge' when run without arguments (which
triggers the default-to-upstream path) has been fixed. A test has
been added to cover this case.
(merge 68cce04a02 tc/merge-default-to-upstream-leakfix later to maint).
* A boundary case check in reachability bitmap traversal has been
corrected to properly handle the object at position zero, which was
previously skipped, leading to redundant bitmap loading.
(merge b56b48301e dl/pack-bitmap-position-zero later to maint).
* A crash in the 'sparse-index' collapse code when encountering an
invalidated cache-tree node (due to an intent-to-add path) has been
fixed by avoiding collapsing such subtrees.
(merge eede1e69fe ds/sparse-index-ita-crash later to maint).
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