systemd/tools/elf2efi.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later

# Convert ELF static PIE to PE/EFI image.

# To do so we simply copy desired ELF sections while preserving their memory layout to ensure that
# code still runs as expected. We then translate ELF relocations to PE relocations so that the EFI
# loader/firmware can properly load the binary to any address at runtime.
#
# To make this as painless as possible we only operate on static PIEs as they should only contain
# base relocations that are easy to handle as they have a one-to-one mapping to PE relocations.
#
# EDK2 does a similar process using their GenFw tool. The main difference is that they use the
# --emit-relocs linker flag, which emits a lot of different (static) ELF relocation types that have
# to be handled differently for each architecture and is overall more work than its worth.
#
# Note that on arches where binutils has PE support (x86/x86_64 mostly, aarch64 only recently)
# objcopy can be used to convert ELF to PE. But this will still not convert ELF relocations, making
# the resulting binary useless. gnu-efi relies on this method and contains a stub that performs the
# ELF dynamic relocations at runtime.

# pylint: disable=attribute-defined-outside-init
# mypy: untyped-calls-exclude=elftools

import argparse
import hashlib
import io
import os
import pathlib
import sys
import time
import typing
from ctypes import (
    LittleEndianStructure,
    c_char,
    c_uint8,
    c_uint16,
    c_uint32,
    c_uint64,
    sizeof,
)

from elftools import elf
from elftools.elf import elffile


class PeCoffHeader(LittleEndianStructure):
    _fields_ = (
        ('Machine',              c_uint16),
        ('NumberOfSections',     c_uint16),
        ('TimeDateStamp',        c_uint32),
        ('PointerToSymbolTable', c_uint32),
        ('NumberOfSymbols',      c_uint32),
        ('SizeOfOptionalHeader', c_uint16),
        ('Characteristics',      c_uint16),
    )  # fmt: skip


class PeDataDirectory(LittleEndianStructure):
    _fields_ = (
        ('VirtualAddress', c_uint32),
        ('Size',           c_uint32),
    )  # fmt: skip


class PeRelocationBlock(LittleEndianStructure):
    _fields_ = (
        ('PageRVA',   c_uint32),
        ('BlockSize', c_uint32),
    )  # fmt: skip

    def __init__(self, PageRVA: int):
        super().__init__(PageRVA)
        self.entries: list[PeRelocationEntry] = []


class PeRelocationEntry(LittleEndianStructure):
    _fields_ = (
        ('Offset', c_uint16, 12),
        ('Type',   c_uint16, 4),
    )  # fmt: skip


class PeOptionalHeaderStart(LittleEndianStructure):
    _fields_ = (
        ('Magic',                   c_uint16),
        ('MajorLinkerVersion',      c_uint8),
        ('MinorLinkerVersion',      c_uint8),
        ('SizeOfCode',              c_uint32),
        ('SizeOfInitializedData',   c_uint32),
        ('SizeOfUninitializedData', c_uint32),
        ('AddressOfEntryPoint',     c_uint32),
        ('BaseOfCode',              c_uint32),
    )  # fmt: skip


class PeOptionalHeaderMiddle(LittleEndianStructure):
    _fields_ = (
        ('SectionAlignment',            c_uint32),
        ('FileAlignment',               c_uint32),
        ('MajorOperatingSystemVersion', c_uint16),
        ('MinorOperatingSystemVersion', c_uint16),
        ('MajorImageVersion',           c_uint16),
        ('MinorImageVersion',           c_uint16),
        ('MajorSubsystemVersion',       c_uint16),
        ('MinorSubsystemVersion',       c_uint16),
        ('Win32VersionValue',           c_uint32),
        ('SizeOfImage',                 c_uint32),
        ('SizeOfHeaders',               c_uint32),
        ('CheckSum',                    c_uint32),
        ('Subsystem',                   c_uint16),
        ('DllCharacteristics',          c_uint16),
    )  # fmt: skip


class PeOptionalHeaderEnd(LittleEndianStructure):
    _fields_ = (
        ('LoaderFlags',           c_uint32),
        ('NumberOfRvaAndSizes',   c_uint32),
        ('ExportTable',           PeDataDirectory),
        ('ImportTable',           PeDataDirectory),
        ('ResourceTable',         PeDataDirectory),
        ('ExceptionTable',        PeDataDirectory),
        ('CertificateTable',      PeDataDirectory),
        ('BaseRelocationTable',   PeDataDirectory),
        ('Debug',                 PeDataDirectory),
        ('Architecture',          PeDataDirectory),
        ('GlobalPtr',             PeDataDirectory),
        ('TLSTable',              PeDataDirectory),
        ('LoadConfigTable',       PeDataDirectory),
        ('BoundImport',           PeDataDirectory),
        ('IAT',                   PeDataDirectory),
        ('DelayImportDescriptor', PeDataDirectory),
        ('CLRRuntimeHeader',      PeDataDirectory),
        ('Reserved',              PeDataDirectory),
    )  # fmt: skip


class PeOptionalHeader(LittleEndianStructure):
    pass


class PeOptionalHeader32(PeOptionalHeader):
    _anonymous_ = ('Start', 'Middle', 'End')
    _fields_ = (
        ('Start',              PeOptionalHeaderStart),
        ('BaseOfData',         c_uint32),
        ('ImageBase',          c_uint32),
        ('Middle',             PeOptionalHeaderMiddle),
        ('SizeOfStackReserve', c_uint32),
        ('SizeOfStackCommit',  c_uint32),
        ('SizeOfHeapReserve',  c_uint32),
        ('SizeOfHeapCommit',   c_uint32),
        ('End',                PeOptionalHeaderEnd),
    )  # fmt: skip


class PeOptionalHeader32Plus(PeOptionalHeader):
    _anonymous_ = ('Start', 'Middle', 'End')
    _fields_ = (
        ('Start',              PeOptionalHeaderStart),
        ('ImageBase',          c_uint64),
        ('Middle',             PeOptionalHeaderMiddle),
        ('SizeOfStackReserve', c_uint64),
        ('SizeOfStackCommit',  c_uint64),
        ('SizeOfHeapReserve',  c_uint64),
        ('SizeOfHeapCommit',   c_uint64),
        ('End',                PeOptionalHeaderEnd),
    )  # fmt: skip


class PeSection(LittleEndianStructure):
    _fields_ = (
        ('Name',                 c_char * 8),
        ('VirtualSize',          c_uint32),
        ('VirtualAddress',       c_uint32),
        ('SizeOfRawData',        c_uint32),
        ('PointerToRawData',     c_uint32),
        ('PointerToRelocations', c_uint32),
        ('PointerToLinenumbers', c_uint32),
        ('NumberOfRelocations',  c_uint16),
        ('NumberOfLinenumbers',  c_uint16),
        ('Characteristics',      c_uint32),
    )  # fmt: skip

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.data = bytearray()


N_DATA_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES = 16

assert sizeof(PeSection) == 40
assert sizeof(PeCoffHeader) == 20
assert sizeof(PeOptionalHeader32) == 224
assert sizeof(PeOptionalHeader32Plus) == 240

# fmt: off
PE_CHARACTERISTICS_RX = 0x60000020  # CNT_CODE|MEM_READ|MEM_EXECUTE
PE_CHARACTERISTICS_RW = 0xC0000040  # CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA|MEM_READ|MEM_WRITE
PE_CHARACTERISTICS_R  = 0x40000040  # CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA|MEM_READ
# fmt: on

IGNORE_SECTIONS = [
    '.eh_frame',
    '.eh_frame_hdr',
    '.ARM.exidx',
    '.relro_padding',
    '.sframe',
]

IGNORE_SECTION_TYPES = [
    'SHT_DYNAMIC',
    'SHT_DYNSYM',
    'SHT_GNU_ATTRIBUTES',
    'SHT_GNU_HASH',
    'SHT_HASH',
    'SHT_NOTE',
    'SHT_REL',
    'SHT_RELA',
    'SHT_RELR',
    'SHT_STRTAB',
    'SHT_SYMTAB',
]

# EFI mandates 4KiB memory pages.
SECTION_ALIGNMENT = 4096
FILE_ALIGNMENT = 512

# Nobody cares about DOS headers, so put the PE header right after.
PE_OFFSET = 64
PE_MAGIC = b'PE\0\0'


def align_to(x: int, align: int) -> int:
    return (x + align - 1) & ~(align - 1)


def align_down(x: int, align: int) -> int:
    return x & ~(align - 1)


def next_section_address(sections: list[PeSection]) -> int:
    return align_to(sections[-1].VirtualAddress + sections[-1].VirtualSize, SECTION_ALIGNMENT)


class BadSectionError(ValueError):
    "One of the sections is in a bad state"


def iter_copy_sections(file: elffile.ELFFile) -> typing.Iterator[PeSection]:
    pe_s = None

    # This is essentially the same as copying by ELF load segments, except that we assemble them
    # manually, so that we can easily strip unwanted sections. We try to only discard things we know
    # about so that there are no surprises.

    relro = None
    for elf_seg in file.iter_segments():
        if elf_seg['p_type'] == 'PT_LOAD' and elf_seg['p_align'] != SECTION_ALIGNMENT:
            raise BadSectionError(
                f'ELF segment {elf_seg["p_type"]} is not properly aligned ({elf_seg["p_align"]} != {SECTION_ALIGNMENT})'
            )
        if elf_seg['p_type'] == 'PT_GNU_RELRO':
            relro = elf_seg

    for elf_s in file.iter_sections():
        if (
            elf_s['sh_flags'] & elf.constants.SH_FLAGS.SHF_ALLOC == 0
            or elf_s['sh_type'] in IGNORE_SECTION_TYPES
            or elf_s.name in IGNORE_SECTIONS
            or elf_s['sh_size'] == 0
        ):
            continue
        if elf_s['sh_type'] not in ['SHT_PROGBITS', 'SHT_NOBITS']:
            raise BadSectionError(f'Unknown section {elf_s.name} with type {elf_s["sh_type"]}')
        if elf_s.name == '.got':
            # FIXME: figure out why those sections are inserted
            print('WARNING: Non-empty .got section', file=sys.stderr)

        if elf_s['sh_flags'] & elf.constants.SH_FLAGS.SHF_EXECINSTR:
            rwx = PE_CHARACTERISTICS_RX
        elif elf_s['sh_flags'] & elf.constants.SH_FLAGS.SHF_WRITE:
            rwx = PE_CHARACTERISTICS_RW
        else:
            rwx = PE_CHARACTERISTICS_R

        # PE images are always relro.
        if relro and relro.section_in_segment(elf_s):
            rwx = PE_CHARACTERISTICS_R

        if pe_s and pe_s.Characteristics != rwx:
            yield pe_s
            pe_s = None

        if pe_s:
            # Insert padding to properly align the section.
            pad_len = elf_s['sh_addr'] - pe_s.VirtualAddress - len(pe_s.data)
            pe_s.data += bytearray(pad_len) + elf_s.data()
        else:
            pe_s = PeSection()
            pe_s.VirtualAddress = elf_s['sh_addr']
            pe_s.Characteristics = rwx
            pe_s.data = elf_s.data()

    if pe_s:
        yield pe_s


def convert_sections(
    file: elffile.ELFFile,
    opt: PeOptionalHeader,
) -> list[PeSection]:
    last_vma = (0, 0)
    sections = []

    for pe_s in iter_copy_sections(file):
        # Truncate the VMA to the nearest page and insert appropriate padding. This should not
        # cause any overlap as this is pretty much how ELF *segments* are loaded/mmapped anyways.
        # The ELF sections inside should also be properly aligned as we reuse the ELF VMA layout
        # for the PE image.
        vma = pe_s.VirtualAddress
        pe_s.VirtualAddress = align_down(vma, SECTION_ALIGNMENT)
        pe_s.data = bytearray(vma - pe_s.VirtualAddress) + pe_s.data

        pe_s.VirtualSize = len(pe_s.data)
        pe_s.SizeOfRawData = align_to(len(pe_s.data), FILE_ALIGNMENT)
        pe_s.Name = {
            PE_CHARACTERISTICS_RX: b'.text',
            PE_CHARACTERISTICS_RW: b'.data',
            PE_CHARACTERISTICS_R: b'.rodata',
        }[pe_s.Characteristics]

        # This can happen if not building with '-z separate-code'.
        if pe_s.VirtualAddress < sum(last_vma):
            raise BadSectionError(
                f'Section {pe_s.Name.decode()!r} @{pe_s.VirtualAddress:#x} overlaps previous section @{last_vma[0]:#x}+{last_vma[1]:#x}=@{sum(last_vma):#x}'
            )
        last_vma = (pe_s.VirtualAddress, pe_s.VirtualSize)

        if pe_s.Name == b'.text':
            opt.BaseOfCode = pe_s.VirtualAddress
            opt.SizeOfCode += pe_s.VirtualSize
        else:
            opt.SizeOfInitializedData += pe_s.VirtualSize

        if pe_s.Name == b'.data' and isinstance(opt, PeOptionalHeader32):
            opt.BaseOfData = pe_s.VirtualAddress

        sections.append(pe_s)

    return sections


def copy_sections(
    file: elffile.ELFFile,
    opt: PeOptionalHeader,
    input_names: str,
    sections: list[PeSection],
) -> None:
    for name in input_names.split(','):
        elf_s = file.get_section_by_name(name)
        if not elf_s:
            continue
        if elf_s.data_alignment > 1 and SECTION_ALIGNMENT % elf_s.data_alignment != 0:
            raise BadSectionError(f'ELF section {name} is not aligned')
        if elf_s['sh_flags'] & (elf.constants.SH_FLAGS.SHF_EXECINSTR | elf.constants.SH_FLAGS.SHF_WRITE) != 0:  # fmt: skip
            raise BadSectionError(f'ELF section {name} is not read-only data')

        pe_s = PeSection()
        pe_s.Name = name.encode()
        pe_s.data = elf_s.data()
        pe_s.VirtualAddress = next_section_address(sections)
        pe_s.VirtualSize = len(elf_s.data())
        pe_s.SizeOfRawData = align_to(len(elf_s.data()), FILE_ALIGNMENT)
        pe_s.Characteristics = PE_CHARACTERISTICS_R
        opt.SizeOfInitializedData += pe_s.VirtualSize
        sections.append(pe_s)


def apply_elf_relative_relocation(
    reloc: elf.relocation.Relocation,
    image_base: int,
    sections: list[PeSection],
    addend_size: int,
) -> None:
    [target] = [
        pe_s
        for pe_s in sections
        if pe_s.VirtualAddress <= reloc['r_offset'] < pe_s.VirtualAddress + len(pe_s.data)
    ]

    addend_offset = reloc['r_offset'] - target.VirtualAddress

    if reloc.is_RELA():
        addend = reloc['r_addend']
    else:
        addend = target.data[addend_offset : addend_offset + addend_size]
        addend = int.from_bytes(addend, byteorder='little')

    value = (image_base + addend).to_bytes(addend_size, byteorder='little')
    target.data[addend_offset : addend_offset + addend_size] = value


def convert_elf_reloc_table(
    file: elffile.ELFFile,
    elf_reloc_table: elf.relocation.RelocationTable,
    elf_image_base: int,
    sections: list[PeSection],
    pe_reloc_blocks: dict[int, PeRelocationBlock],
) -> None:
    NONE_RELOC = {
        'EM_386':       elf.enums.ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_i386['R_386_NONE'],
        'EM_AARCH64':   elf.enums.ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_AARCH64['R_AARCH64_NONE'],
        'EM_ARM':       elf.enums.ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_ARM['R_ARM_NONE'],
        'EM_LOONGARCH': 0,
        'EM_RISCV':     0,
        'EM_X86_64':    elf.enums.ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_x64['R_X86_64_NONE'],
    }[file['e_machine']]  # fmt: skip

    RELATIVE_RELOC = {
        'EM_386':       elf.enums.ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_i386['R_386_RELATIVE'],
        'EM_AARCH64':   elf.enums.ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_AARCH64['R_AARCH64_RELATIVE'],
        'EM_ARM':       elf.enums.ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_ARM['R_ARM_RELATIVE'],
        'EM_LOONGARCH': 3,
        'EM_RISCV':     3,
        'EM_X86_64':    elf.enums.ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_x64['R_X86_64_RELATIVE'],
    }[file['e_machine']]  # fmt: skip

    for reloc in elf_reloc_table.iter_relocations():
        if reloc['r_info_type'] == NONE_RELOC:
            continue

        if reloc['r_info_type'] == RELATIVE_RELOC:
            apply_elf_relative_relocation(reloc, elf_image_base, sections, file.elfclass // 8)

            # Now that the ELF relocation has been applied, we can create a PE relocation.
            block_rva = reloc['r_offset'] & ~0xFFF
            if block_rva not in pe_reloc_blocks:
                pe_reloc_blocks[block_rva] = PeRelocationBlock(block_rva)

            entry = PeRelocationEntry()
            entry.Offset = reloc['r_offset'] & 0xFFF
            # REL_BASED_HIGHLOW or REL_BASED_DIR64
            entry.Type = 3 if file.elfclass == 32 else 10
            pe_reloc_blocks[block_rva].entries.append(entry)

            continue

        raise BadSectionError(f'Unsupported relocation {reloc}')


def convert_elf_relocations(
    file: elffile.ELFFile,
    opt: PeOptionalHeader,
    sections: list[PeSection],
    minimum_sections: int,
) -> typing.Optional[PeSection]:
    dynamic = file.get_section_by_name('.dynamic')
    if dynamic is None:
        raise BadSectionError('ELF .dynamic section is missing')

    [flags_tag] = dynamic.iter_tags('DT_FLAGS_1')
    if not flags_tag['d_val'] & elf.enums.ENUM_DT_FLAGS_1['DF_1_PIE']:
        raise ValueError('ELF file is not a PIE')

    # This checks that the ELF image base is 0.
    symtab = file.get_section_by_name('.symtab')
    if symtab:
        exe_start = symtab.get_symbol_by_name('__executable_start')
        if exe_start and exe_start[0]['st_value'] != 0:
            raise ValueError('Unexpected ELF image base')

    opt.SizeOfHeaders = align_to(
        PE_OFFSET
        + len(PE_MAGIC)
        + sizeof(PeCoffHeader)
        + sizeof(opt)
        + sizeof(PeSection) * max(len(sections) + 1, minimum_sections),
        FILE_ALIGNMENT,
    )

    # We use the basic VMA layout from the ELF image in the PE image. This could cause the first
    # section to overlap the PE image headers during runtime at VMA 0. We can simply apply a fixed
    # offset relative to the PE image base when applying/converting ELF relocations. Afterwards we
    # just have to apply the offset to the PE addresses so that the PE relocations work correctly on
    # the ELF portions of the image.
    segment_offset = 0
    if sections[0].VirtualAddress < opt.SizeOfHeaders:
        segment_offset = align_to(opt.SizeOfHeaders - sections[0].VirtualAddress, SECTION_ALIGNMENT)

    opt.AddressOfEntryPoint = file['e_entry'] + segment_offset
    opt.BaseOfCode += segment_offset
    if isinstance(opt, PeOptionalHeader32):
        opt.BaseOfData += segment_offset

    pe_reloc_blocks: dict[int, PeRelocationBlock] = {}
    for reloc_type, reloc_table in dynamic.get_relocation_tables().items():
        if reloc_type not in ['REL', 'RELA']:
            raise BadSectionError(f'Unsupported relocation type {reloc_type}')
        convert_elf_reloc_table(file, reloc_table, opt.ImageBase + segment_offset, sections, pe_reloc_blocks)

    for pe_s in sections:
        pe_s.VirtualAddress += segment_offset

    if len(pe_reloc_blocks) == 0:
        return None

    data = bytearray()
    for rva in sorted(pe_reloc_blocks):
        block = pe_reloc_blocks[rva]
        n_relocs = len(block.entries)

        # Each block must start on a 32-bit boundary. Because each entry is 16 bits
        # the len has to be even. We pad by adding a none relocation.
        if n_relocs % 2 != 0:
            n_relocs += 1
            block.entries.append(PeRelocationEntry())

        block.PageRVA += segment_offset
        block.BlockSize = sizeof(PeRelocationBlock) + sizeof(PeRelocationEntry) * n_relocs
        data += block
        for entry in sorted(block.entries, key=lambda e: e.Offset):
            data += entry

    pe_reloc_s = PeSection()
    pe_reloc_s.Name = b'.reloc'
    pe_reloc_s.data = data
    pe_reloc_s.VirtualAddress = next_section_address(sections)
    pe_reloc_s.VirtualSize = len(data)
    pe_reloc_s.SizeOfRawData = align_to(len(data), FILE_ALIGNMENT)
    # CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA|MEM_READ|MEM_DISCARDABLE
    pe_reloc_s.Characteristics = 0x42000040

    sections.append(pe_reloc_s)
    opt.SizeOfInitializedData += pe_reloc_s.VirtualSize
    return pe_reloc_s


def write_pe(
    file: typing.IO[bytes],
    coff: PeCoffHeader,
    opt: PeOptionalHeader,
    sections: list[PeSection],
) -> None:
    file.write(b'MZ')
    file.seek(0x3C, io.SEEK_SET)
    file.write(PE_OFFSET.to_bytes(2, byteorder='little'))
    file.seek(PE_OFFSET, io.SEEK_SET)
    file.write(PE_MAGIC)
    file.write(coff)
    file.write(opt)

    offset = opt.SizeOfHeaders
    for pe_s in sorted(sections, key=lambda s: s.VirtualAddress):
        if pe_s.VirtualAddress < opt.SizeOfHeaders:
            raise BadSectionError(
                f'Section {pe_s.Name} @{pe_s.VirtualAddress:#x} overlaps PE headers ending at {opt.SizeOfHeaders:#x}'
            )

        pe_s.PointerToRawData = offset
        file.write(pe_s)
        offset = align_to(offset + len(pe_s.data), FILE_ALIGNMENT)

    assert file.tell() <= opt.SizeOfHeaders

    for pe_s in sections:
        file.seek(pe_s.PointerToRawData, io.SEEK_SET)
        file.write(pe_s.data)

    file.truncate(offset)


def elf2efi(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
    file = elffile.ELFFile(args.ELF)
    if not file.little_endian:
        raise ValueError('ELF file is not little-endian')
    if file['e_type'] not in ['ET_DYN', 'ET_EXEC']:
        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported ELF type {file["e_type"]}')

    pe_arch = {
        'EM_386':       0x014C,
        'EM_AARCH64':   0xAA64,
        'EM_ARM':       0x01C2,
        'EM_LOONGARCH': 0x6232 if file.elfclass == 32 else 0x6264,
        'EM_RISCV':     0x5032 if file.elfclass == 32 else 0x5064,
        'EM_X86_64':    0x8664,
    }.get(file['e_machine'])  # fmt: skip
    if pe_arch is None:
        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported ELF architecture {file["e_machine"]}')

    coff = PeCoffHeader()
    opt = PeOptionalHeader32() if file.elfclass == 32 else PeOptionalHeader32Plus()

    # We relocate to a unique image base to reduce the chances for runtime relocation to occur.
    base_name = pathlib.Path(args.PE.name).name.encode()
    opt.ImageBase = int(hashlib.sha1(base_name).hexdigest()[0:8], 16)
    if file.elfclass == 32:
        opt.ImageBase = (0x400000 + opt.ImageBase) & 0xFFFF0000
    else:
        opt.ImageBase = (0x100000000 + opt.ImageBase) & 0x1FFFF0000

    sections = convert_sections(file, opt)
    copy_sections(file, opt, args.copy_sections, sections)
    pe_reloc_s = convert_elf_relocations(file, opt, sections, args.minimum_sections)

    coff.Machine = pe_arch
    coff.NumberOfSections = len(sections)
    coff.TimeDateStamp = int(os.environ.get('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH') or time.time())
    coff.SizeOfOptionalHeader = sizeof(opt)
    # EXECUTABLE_IMAGE|LINE_NUMS_STRIPPED|LOCAL_SYMS_STRIPPED|DEBUG_STRIPPED
    # and (32BIT_MACHINE or LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE)
    coff.Characteristics = 0x30E if file.elfclass == 32 else 0x22E

    opt.SectionAlignment = SECTION_ALIGNMENT
    opt.FileAlignment = FILE_ALIGNMENT
    opt.MajorImageVersion = args.version_major
    opt.MinorImageVersion = args.version_minor
    opt.MajorSubsystemVersion = args.efi_major
    opt.MinorSubsystemVersion = args.efi_minor
    opt.Subsystem = args.subsystem
    opt.Magic = 0x10B if file.elfclass == 32 else 0x20B
    opt.SizeOfImage = next_section_address(sections)

    # DYNAMIC_BASE|NX_COMPAT|HIGH_ENTROPY_VA or DYNAMIC_BASE|NX_COMPAT
    opt.DllCharacteristics = 0x160 if file.elfclass == 64 else 0x140

    # These values are taken from a natively built PE binary (although, unused by EDK2/EFI).
    opt.SizeOfStackReserve = 0x100000
    opt.SizeOfStackCommit = 0x001000
    opt.SizeOfHeapReserve = 0x100000
    opt.SizeOfHeapCommit = 0x001000

    opt.NumberOfRvaAndSizes = N_DATA_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES
    if pe_reloc_s:
        opt.BaseRelocationTable = PeDataDirectory(pe_reloc_s.VirtualAddress, pe_reloc_s.VirtualSize)

    write_pe(args.PE, coff, opt, sections)


def create_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Convert ELF binaries to PE/EFI')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--version-major',
        type=int,
        default=0,
        help='Major image version of EFI image',
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        '--version-minor',
        type=int,
        default=0,
        help='Minor image version of EFI image',
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        '--efi-major',
        type=int,
        default=0,
        help='Minimum major EFI subsystem version',
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        '--efi-minor',
        type=int,
        default=0,
        help='Minimum minor EFI subsystem version',
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        '--subsystem',
        type=int,
        default=10,
        help='PE subsystem',
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        'ELF',
        type=argparse.FileType('rb'),
        help='Input ELF file',
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        'PE',
        type=argparse.FileType('wb'),
        help='Output PE/EFI file',
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        '--minimum-sections',
        type=int,
        default=0,
        help='Minimum number of sections to leave space for',
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        '--copy-sections',
        type=str,
        default='',
        help='Copy these sections if found',
    )
    return parser


def main() -> None:
    parser = create_parser()
    elf2efi(parser.parse_args())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()