Add "varlinkctl monitor" which connects to systemd-varlink-monitord and
displays captured varlink messages in real time, with both pretty-printed
and JSON-SEQ output modes. Supports filtering by --pid, --path, and
--uid. Includes integration tests covering pre-existing sockets, new
sockets, filtering, large message reassembly, garbage data handling, and
JSON output validation.
Installing an update might make further updates available, for example
because the update ships new or changed transfer files, components, or
system extensions containing such files. Hence add a new --loop=N
switch, which runs the update logic repeatedly, re-reading all
definitions each time, until either nothing is installed anymore, or N
iterations have been done.
If --reboot is specified the reboot is requested once, after the last
iteration.
Not specifying --loop= is equivalent to --loop=1, i.e. the behaviour
remains unchanged.
systemctl: add new "systemctl wait" command
It's quite useful being able to wait for a unit to be terminated and see
its exit data, just like we do it for systemd-run, without triggering
any other operation (which is what systemctl stop would do).
Fixes: #32017
The root row in systemd-cgtop previously displayed whole-system RAM
usage read from /proc/meminfo (MemTotal - MemAvailable), not a cgroup
sum. This is a pragmatic fallback — the kernel intentionally does not
expose memory.current on the v2 root cgroup (see the existing
is_root_cgroup() comment about avoiding 'multiple truth about system
state'), so cgtop picked /proc/meminfo to fill the gap.
Nevertheless, that caued the '/' row to provide different information
than every other row in the table:
- All child rows: 'what is this cgroup charged for?' (anon + file
+ sock + shmem attributable to the cgroup).
- Root row: 'what is the whole system using?' (includes kernel
slab, vmalloc, pagetables, zram mem_used, and anything not
attributable to any cgroup).
On a typical desktop the root row can read ~10 GB while the sum of
direct children is ~5 GB, with no explanation visible in the tool
itself.
This commit:
1. Introduces --root-memory= command line option.
2. Flips the default for the root row to the sum of memory.current
over its direct children.
3. Adds a '/' interactive key that toggles between the two modes.
4. Updates the interactive help string ('?' / 'h'), the man page,
and the bash completion for the new option.
Inside a container (detect_container() > 0), is_root_cgroup() already
returns false, so none of this applies — the container's '/' still
reads memory.current from the namespaced cgroup as before.
Co-authored-by: Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <zbyszek@amutable.com>
It's quite useful being able to wait for a unit to be terminated and see
its exit data, just like we do it for systemd-run, without triggering
any other operation (which is what systemctl stop would do).
Fixes: #32017
It's nice to use --attach since it validates our images. So far, it
strictly insisted on checking that the image was a DDI however, which
limits its use for certain usecases.
Add "--relax" to address this limitation.
Create the file with open_tmpfile_linkable_at().
Write the recovery key and trailing newline to the temporary fd.
Set the final mode to 0600 before publishing it.
Link it into place with link_tmpfile_at(..., LINK_TMPFILE_SYNC).
The `restart` verb was added to machinectl as a convenience alias for
`reboot`, but its shell completions were never updated. Add it to both
the bash and zsh completions.
Several verbs in the STANDALONE bucket accept --json=, but that bucket only
offers --help --version --system --user --global --no-pager, so completion
never suggested the option for them.
Split those verbs out into a new STANDALONE_JSON bucket that additionally
offers --json=off/pretty/short. The verbs are moved rather than copied, as
${VERBS[*]} is used to complete the verb list itself.
Add a new --no-reconfigure flag to 'networkctl reload' that reloads
.network and .netdev files from disk without reconfiguring any network
interfaces. This may be useful to avoid reconfiguring multiple interfaces
simultaneously when multiple .network files are updated, or when an updated
.network file is applied to multiple interfaces.
On the networkd side, manager_reload() gains a reconfigure_links parameter
that gates the per-link reconfiguration loop. A new io.systemd.Network.Reload
varlink method is added that exposes this as an optional reconfigureLinks
boolean (defaults to true). Both plain 'networkctl reload' and
'--no-reconfigure' now unconditionally call this method first. If an older
networkd returns MethodNotFound, plain reload falls back to
io.systemd.service.Reload for backward compatibility; '--no-reconfigure'
fails with a clear error in that case.
Add a "bootctl link-auto" verb and a matching io.systemd.BootControl.LinkAuto()
Varlink method that behave exactly like "bootctl link" / Link(), except that
the UKI and extra resources are discovered automatically instead of being
passed in. The following directories are searched, in decreasing priority:
/etc/systemd/uki/, /run/systemd/uki/, /var/lib/systemd/uki/ (where
systemd-sysupdate stages downloaded resources), /usr/local/lib/systemd/uki/
and /usr/lib/systemd/uki/.
- the UKI is taken from kernel.efi, or the best version in kernel.efi.v/
(resolved via vpick, without honouring boot-counting suffixes), from the
highest-priority directory that has one;
- extra resources are picked up from extras.d/, matching *.sysext.raw,
*.confext.raw and *.cred, each either as a plain file or as a versioned
*.v/ directory resolved via vpick, combined across all directories with
higher-priority directories winning on conflicts.
Everything is resolved relative to the pinned root directory fd. Files passed
via --extra= on the command line are linked in addition to the auto-discovered
ones.
Also bind io.systemd.SysUpdate.Notify.OnCompletedUpdate() in the boot control
Varlink server, which simply does the same as LinkAuto(), and hook a socket
into /run/systemd/sysupdate/notify/ via systemd-sysupdate-notify-bootctl.socket
(enabled by default via the preset) so a freshly downloaded kernel is linked
into $BOOT automatically after a sysupdate run.
kexec-tools has a --reuse-cmdline option which is very convenient
when doing a lot of reboots, add the same to systemctl.
Dedup options, letting the last one wins in case of duplicates,
so that 'systemctl kexec --reuse-cmdline' can be chained many times
without continuosly expanding the cmdline with duplicates from
the boot entry.
This is meant to mirror sudo's -k/--reset-timestamp and
-K/--remove-timestamp options, which revoke the temporary authorization
provided by the timestamp files in /var/run/sudo/ts.
To achieve the same effect in run0, we ask polkit to revoke our
temporary authorization. If used with a command, run0 will revoke the
temporary auth and then immediately authorize the user again, just like
sudo -k. All the bus calls are completed synchronously, as they need to
complete before authorizing the user anyway.
Like sudo, the effect of -k/--reset-timestamp is to revoke only the
tmpauthz that polkit would have used to authorize the command, if
available. The -K/--remove-timestamp option will revoke all temporary
authorizations across all ttys.
machinectl bind-volume MACHINE PROVIDER:VOLUME[:CONFIG][:K=V,...]
machinectl unbind-volume MACHINE PROVIDER:VOLUME
For bind-volume, machinectl parses the SPEC with the shared
bind_volume_parse(), Acquires the storage volume from the named
provider on the machinectl side, locates the target machine's
io.systemd.MachineInstance control socket via
machine_get_control_address(), pushes the fd across, and calls
io.systemd.MachineInstance.AddStorage with name='<provider>:<volume>'
and the user-supplied config string.
For unbind-volume, machinectl just forwards the name string to
io.systemd.MachineInstance.RemoveStorage.
Volumes attached at machine startup (e.g. via systemd-vmspawn's
--bind-volume=) are rejected with StorageImmutable when the user
attempts to unbind them at runtime.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
systemd-vmspawn --bind-volume=PROVIDER:VOLUME[:CONFIG][:K=V,...]
For each --bind-volume passed at startup, vmspawn calls Acquire() on
the named StorageProvider and attaches the resulting fd to the VM as
an additional drive. The drive is identified by the user-visible name
'<provider>:<volume>' on the bridge — that is also the handle used
later when machinectl unbind-volume detaches drives at runtime
(though boot-time drives like these are NOT removable; that is the
StorageImmutable behaviour added earlier).
The colon grammar is parsed by the shared bind_volume_parse() helper.
The 3rd 'config' field selects the guest device type from the
disk_type_table[] vocabulary (virtio-blk, virtio-scsi, nvme, scsi-cd);
empty defaults to virtio-blk per the TASK grammar.
Wiring lives next to the existing --extra-drive setup: parse_argv()
appends a parsed BindVolume to arg_bind_volumes, and prepare_device_info()
hands the array to vmspawn_bind_volume_prepare_boot() which Acquires
each volume and pushes a DriveInfo onto the existing drives array.
PCIe port assignment (assign_pcie_ports()) and the QMP setup loop pick
them up automatically.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
Among other things this changes tracking of the location of resources
during GC from using the BootEntrySource enum rather than a path, since
we have that and it is more efficient and easier to grok.
CLI for inspecting and using storage providers. Scans
/run/systemd/io.systemd.StorageProvider/ (or the user-mode equivalent)
for AF_UNIX sockets and talks to each one over Varlink. Verbs:
"volumes" lists volumes across all providers, "templates" lists
supported creation templates, "providers" lists the endpoints
themselves.
Also installed as a mount.storage helper, so
'mount -t storage PROVIDER:VOLUME /mnt' (or 'mount -t storage.<fstype>'
to put a fresh filesystem on a block volume) acquires the volume and
mounts it. Ships with bash/zsh completions and a man page.
Add --forward-journal=FILE|DIR to forward the container's journal
entries to the host via systemd-journal-remote. When specified,
nspawn starts systemd-journal-remote listening on a Unix socket,
bind-mounts it into the container at /run/host/journal/socket, and
passes a journal.forward_to_socket credential pointing to it.
Add --forward-journal-max-use=, --forward-journal-keep-free=,
--forward-journal-max-file-size=, and --forward-journal-max-files=
to configure disk usage limits for the forwarded journal.
Consolidate nspawn's per-machine on-disk state under a single runtime
directory at /run/systemd/nspawn/<machine>/. The container rootdir
mount point moves from /tmp/nspawn-root-XXXXXX to <runtime_dir>/root,
the unix-export directory moves from
/run/systemd/nspawn/unix-export/<machine> to <runtime_dir>/unix-export,
and the journal-remote socket lives at
<runtime_dir>/journal-remote-socket. Update ssh-generator and
ssh-proxy to follow the new unix-export path layout.
Extract fork_journal_remote() into fork-notify.{c,h} as a shared
helper used by both nspawn and vmspawn, replacing vmspawn's
start_systemd_journal_remote().
Extract runtime_directory_make() into path-lookup.{c,h} as a shared
helper used by both nspawn and vmspawn, replacing vmspawn's inline
runtime directory creation logic.
Co-developed-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Add options to vmspawn to configure journal-remote disk usage limits
when forwarding journal entries from the VM. These are passed through
as --max-use=, --keep-free=, --max-file-size=, and --max-files=
command-line arguments to systemd-journal-remote.
Add --max-use=, --keep-free=, --max-file-size=, and --max-files=
command-line options to systemd-journal-remote to allow overriding the
corresponding settings from the configuration file.
Add $SYSTEMD_JOURNAL_REMOTE_CONFIG_FILE environment variable support
to systemd-journal-remote. When set, the specified file is used
instead of the default configuration file and drop-in directories.
When set to the empty string or /dev/null, configuration file parsing
is skipped entirely. vmspawn sets this to /dev/null in the child
process to avoid inheriting the host's journal-remote configuration.
Make fork_notify() argv parameter optional. When NULL is passed,
fork_notify() returns 0 in the child (with $NOTIFY_SOCKET set) and
lets the caller run custom code before exec. Returns 1 in the parent.
This allows vmspawn to set environment variables in the child without
polluting the parent process.
Co-developed-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Allows appending kernel command line arguments, like
kexec-tool does. This is especially needed for the integration
tests, as mkosi adds a bunch of options that are needed for the
test suite to work, and it breaks without them.
Add a new --restrict-address-families= command line option and
corresponding RestrictAddressFamilies= setting for .nspawn files to
restrict which socket address families may be used inside a container.
Many address families such as AF_VSOCK and AF_NETLINK are not
network-namespaced, so restricting access to them in containers
improves isolation. The option supports allowlist and denylist modes
(via ~ prefix), as well as "none" to block all families, matching the
semantics of RestrictAddressFamilies= in unit files.
The address family parsing logic is extracted into a shared
parse_address_families() helper in parse-helpers.c, which is now also
used by config_parse_address_families() in load-fragment.c.
This is currently opt-in. In a future version, the default will be
changed to restrict address families to AF_INET, AF_INET6 and AF_UNIX.
Drop the --cxl= option and unconditionally enable cxl=on the QEMU
machine type whenever the host architecture supports it (x86_64 and
aarch64). The flag was only added for testing parity with mkosi's CXL=
setting and there is no reason to leave it as an opt-in toggle: with no
pxb-cxl device or cxl-fmw window attached, enabling it on the machine
only reserves a small MMIO region and emits an empty CEDT, so the cost
is negligible while removing one knob users would otherwise have to
flip explicitly to exercise the CXL code paths in QEMU.
Rename nspawn's --user=NAME option to --uid=NAME for selecting the
container user. The -u short option is preserved. --user=NAME and
--user NAME are still accepted but emit a deprecation warning. A
pre-parsing step stitches the space-separated --user NAME form into
--user=NAME before getopt sees it, preserving backwards compatibility
despite --user now being an optional_argument.
Repurpose --user (without argument) and --system as standalone
switches for selecting the runtime scope (user vs system service
manager).
Replace all uses of the arg_privileged boolean with
arg_runtime_scope comparisons throughout nspawn. The default scope
is auto-detected from the effective UID.
Co-developed-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Lennart Poettering