diff --git a/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/utils/data-paths.test.ts b/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/utils/data-paths.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..34cc007b3f5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/utils/data-paths.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import os from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { getCredentialBackupFile, getLegacyCredentialBackupFile } from "./data-paths.js";
+
+const createdStateDirs: string[] = [];
+
+function createTempDir(prefix: string): string {
+  const dir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), prefix));
+  createdStateDirs.push(dir);
+  return dir;
+}
+
+describe("qqbot credential backup paths", () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+    for (const stateDir of createdStateDirs.splice(0)) {
+      fs.rmSync(stateDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("scopes credential backups to the active OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR", () => {
+    const stateDir = createTempDir("qqbot-state-");
+    vi.stubEnv("OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR", stateDir);
+
+    expect(getCredentialBackupFile("default")).toBe(
+      path.join(stateDir, "qqbot", "data", "credential-backup-default.json"),
+    );
+    expect(getLegacyCredentialBackupFile()).toBe(
+      path.join(stateDir, "qqbot", "data", "credential-backup.json"),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("keeps same account IDs isolated across different state directories", () => {
+    const stateDirA = createTempDir("qqbot-state-a-");
+    const stateDirB = createTempDir("qqbot-state-b-");
+
+    vi.stubEnv("OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR", stateDirA);
+    const gatewayAPath = getCredentialBackupFile("default");
+
+    vi.stubEnv("OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR", stateDirB);
+    const gatewayBPath = getCredentialBackupFile("default");
+
+    expect(gatewayAPath).toBe(
+      path.join(stateDirA, "qqbot", "data", "credential-backup-default.json"),
+    );
+    expect(gatewayBPath).toBe(
+      path.join(stateDirB, "qqbot", "data", "credential-backup-default.json"),
+    );
+    expect(gatewayBPath).not.toBe(gatewayAPath);
+  });
+
+  it("uses OPENCLAW_HOME for default credential backup state", () => {
+    const homeDir = createTempDir("qqbot-openclaw-home-");
+    vi.stubEnv("OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR", "");
+    vi.stubEnv("OPENCLAW_HOME", homeDir);
+
+    expect(getCredentialBackupFile("default")).toBe(
+      path.join(homeDir, ".openclaw", "qqbot", "data", "credential-backup-default.json"),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("expands tilde state-dir overrides through the canonical state resolver", () => {
+    const homeDir = createTempDir("qqbot-home-");
+    vi.stubEnv("HOME", homeDir);
+    vi.stubEnv("OPENCLAW_HOME", "");
+    vi.stubEnv("OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR", "~/gateway-a");
+
+    expect(getCredentialBackupFile("default")).toBe(
+      path.join(homeDir, "gateway-a", "qqbot", "data", "credential-backup-default.json"),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/utils/data-paths.ts b/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/utils/data-paths.ts
index 91c7d6951011..7bf189ff8389 100644
--- a/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/utils/data-paths.ts
+++ b/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/utils/data-paths.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
  */
 
 import path from "node:path";
-import { getQQBotDataPath } from "./platform.js";
+import { resolveStateDir } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/state-paths";
 
 /**
  * Normalise an identifier so it is safe to embed in a filename.
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ function safeName(id: string): string {
   return id.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]/g, "_");
 }
 
+function getCredentialBackupRoot(): string {
+  return path.join(resolveStateDir(process.env), "qqbot", "data");
+}
+
 // ---- credential backup ----
 
 /**
@@ -29,10 +33,10 @@ function safeName(id: string): string {
  * missing from the live config.
  */
 export function getCredentialBackupFile(accountId: string): string {
-  return path.join(getQQBotDataPath("data"), `credential-backup-${safeName(accountId)}.json`);
+  return path.join(getCredentialBackupRoot(), `credential-backup-${safeName(accountId)}.json`);
 }
 
 /** Legacy single-file credential backup (pre-multi-account-isolation). */
 export function getLegacyCredentialBackupFile(): string {
-  return path.join(getQQBotDataPath("data"), "credential-backup.json");
+  return path.join(getCredentialBackupRoot(), "credential-backup.json");
 }
diff --git a/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/utils/platform-storage-laziness.test.ts b/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/utils/platform-storage-laziness.test.ts
index 3969a830561a..906fcc80599a 100644
--- a/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/utils/platform-storage-laziness.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/utils/platform-storage-laziness.test.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 const createdHomes: string[] = [];
 
 async function useMockHome(homeDir: string): Promise<void> {
+  vi.stubEnv("HOME", homeDir);
   vi.resetModules();
   vi.doMock("node:os", async (importOriginal) => {
     const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import("node:os")>();
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ function makeHome(): string {
 describe("qqbot storage laziness", () => {
   afterEach(() => {
     vi.doUnmock("node:os");
+    vi.unstubAllEnvs();
     vi.resetModules();
     for (const home of createdHomes.splice(0)) {
       fs.rmSync(home, { recursive: true, force: true });