diff --git a/cache/remotecache/gha/gha.go b/cache/remotecache/gha/gha.go
index a340d378e..1798e6d66 100644
--- a/cache/remotecache/gha/gha.go
+++ b/cache/remotecache/gha/gha.go
@@ -364,7 +364,12 @@ func verifySignature(ctx context.Context, dgst digest.Digest, bundle []byte, con
 		return errors.New("no verifier available for signed github actions cache")
 	}
 
-	sig, err := v.VerifyArtifact(ctx, dgst, bundle, policy.WithSLSANotRequired())
+	policyRules := config.Verify.Policy
+	opts := []policy.ArtifactVerifyOpt{policy.WithSLSANotRequired()}
+	if policyRules.TlogThreshold != nil {
+		opts = append(opts, policy.WithTlogThreshold(*policyRules.TlogThreshold))
+	}
+	sig, err := v.VerifyArtifact(ctx, dgst, bundle, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -372,19 +377,9 @@ func verifySignature(ctx context.Context, dgst digest.Digest, bundle []byte, con
 		return errors.New("signature verification failed: no signer found")
 	}
 	numTimestamps := len(sig.Timestamps)
-	numTlog := 0
-	for _, t := range sig.Timestamps {
-		if t.Type == "Tlog" {
-			numTlog++
-		}
-	}
-	policyRules := config.Verify.Policy
 	if policyRules.TimestampThreshold > numTimestamps {
 		return errors.Errorf("signature verification failed: not enough timestamp authorities: have %d, need %d", numTimestamps, policyRules.TimestampThreshold)
 	}
-	if policyRules.TlogThreshold > numTlog {
-		return errors.Errorf("signature verification failed: not enough tlog authorities: have %d, need %d", numTlog, policyRules.TlogThreshold)
-	}
 
 	certRules, err := certToStringMap(&config.Verify.Policy.Summary)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/cache/remotecache/gha/gha_test.go b/cache/remotecache/gha/gha_test.go
index 5ed02f479..d63e2295b 100644
--- a/cache/remotecache/gha/gha_test.go
+++ b/cache/remotecache/gha/gha_test.go
@@ -9,13 +9,33 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/cache/remotecache/gha/ghatypes"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/llb"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/testutil/integration"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/testutil/workers"
+	policy "github.com/moby/policy-helpers"
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+func TestVerifySignatureNegativeTlogThreshold(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &Config{
+		CacheConfig: &ghatypes.CacheConfig{
+			Verify: ghatypes.VerifyConfig{
+				Policy: ghatypes.VerifyPolicy{
+					TlogThreshold: new(-1),
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		verifier: func() (*policy.Verifier, error) {
+			return &policy.Verifier{}, nil
+		},
+	}
+	err := verifySignature(t.Context(), digest.FromString("cache index"), nil, config)
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "transparency log threshold must not be negative")
+}
+
 func init() {
 	if workers.IsTestDockerd() {
 		workers.InitDockerdWorker()
diff --git a/cache/remotecache/gha/ghatypes/config.go b/cache/remotecache/gha/ghatypes/config.go
index 770ef624e..a138d9662 100644
--- a/cache/remotecache/gha/ghatypes/config.go
+++ b/cache/remotecache/gha/ghatypes/config.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ type VerifyConfig struct {
 }
 
 type VerifyPolicy struct {
-	TimestampThreshold int `toml:"timestampThreshold"`
-	TlogThreshold      int `toml:"tlogThreshold"`
+	TimestampThreshold int  `toml:"timestampThreshold"`
+	TlogThreshold      *int `toml:"tlogThreshold"`
 	certificate.Summary
 }
diff --git a/docs/buildkitd.toml.md b/docs/buildkitd.toml.md
index bba3961d2..6a42a80e3 100644
--- a/docs/buildkitd.toml.md
+++ b/docs/buildkitd.toml.md
@@ -267,6 +267,8 @@ provenanceEnvDir = "/etc/buildkit/provenance.d"
 #
 # [cache.gha.verify.policy]
 #   timestampThreshold = 1
+#   # If omitted, require all distinct transparency logs present in the bundle.
+#   # Zero skips log verification and requires a verified TSA timestamp instead.
 #   tlogThreshold = 1
 #   # certificate properties that need to match. Simple wildcards (*) are supported.
 #   certificateIssuer = ""
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 9ee5e5afe..3a115b12f 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/moby/go-archive v0.2.0
 	github.com/moby/locker v1.0.1
 	github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.6.1
-	github.com/moby/policy-helpers v0.0.0-20261006174519-bd98f4747414
+	github.com/moby/policy-helpers v0.0.0-20261022152518-485a1bec29f6
 	github.com/moby/profiles/seccomp v0.2.4
 	github.com/moby/sys/mountinfo v0.7.2
 	github.com/moby/sys/reexec v0.1.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index cade79965..36c7cf733 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -374,8 +374,8 @@ github.com/moby/locker v1.0.1 h1:fOXqR41zeveg4fFODix+1Ch4mj/gT0NE1XJbp/epuBg=
 github.com/moby/locker v1.0.1/go.mod h1:S7SDdo5zpBK84bzzVlKr2V0hz+7x9hWbYC/kq7oQppc=
 github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.6.1 h1:qlhtafmr6kgMIJjKJMDmMWq7WLkKIo23hsrpR3x084U=
 github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.6.1/go.mod h1:hDPoyOpDY7OrrMDLaYoY3hf52gNCR/YOUYxkhApJIxc=
-github.com/moby/policy-helpers v0.0.0-20261006174519-bd98f4747414 h1:gOgxy0eXQlhvC5hB7CE+tJLLzrC9+gjTWlU+Bv5T8Ck=
-github.com/moby/policy-helpers v0.0.0-20261006174519-bd98f4747414/go.mod h1:hNMdiq4WjSmuyvy8lWcflH6erzSg/MgZlFyM7vC7Z2c=
+github.com/moby/policy-helpers v0.0.0-20261022152518-485a1bec29f6 h1:EROY4N1iyUx4awd7c2JtGnca7F9PhBU8+lJR/YejbYM=
+github.com/moby/policy-helpers v0.0.0-20261022152518-485a1bec29f6/go.mod h1:hNMdiq4WjSmuyvy8lWcflH6erzSg/MgZlFyM7vC7Z2c=
 github.com/moby/profiles/seccomp v0.2.4 h1:CNKIR4jNYCGIdstSZ3plN/yF3WCqlupmNLwO1ckLwz4=
 github.com/moby/profiles/seccomp v0.2.4/go.mod h1:H3JkVP4MWq+Q87sSWRUEdiZvK52WErUbcxr+mJHKVoM=
 github.com/moby/sys/mount v0.3.5 h1:eS3fsZTjHaBihwjp4/+5Z3jxqLXYsbwxqpVSfFv3M00=
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/moby/policy-helpers/docker-bake.hcl b/vendor/github.com/moby/policy-helpers/docker-bake.hcl
index 4e67dd339..df207da4e 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/moby/policy-helpers/docker-bake.hcl
+++ b/vendor/github.com/moby/policy-helpers/docker-bake.hcl
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ target "vendor" {
   output = ["."]
 }
 
-target "mod-outdated" {
+target "gomod-updates" {
   inherits = ["_common"]
   dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/vendor.Dockerfile"
-  target = "outdated"
-  no-cache-filter = ["outdated"]
+  target = "gomod-updates"
+  no-cache-filter = ["gomod-updates"]
   output = ["type=cacheonly"]
 }
 
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/moby/policy-helpers/verifier.go b/vendor/github.com/moby/policy-helpers/verifier.go
index 99d37ba36..b64d4ca26 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/moby/policy-helpers/verifier.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/moby/policy-helpers/verifier.go
@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ func (v *Verifier) VerifyArtifact(ctx context.Context, dgst digest.Digest, bundl
 	for _, o := range opt {
 		o(opts)
 	}
+	if opts.TlogThreshold != nil && *opts.TlogThreshold < 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("transparency log threshold must not be negative")
+	}
 
 	anyCert, err := anyCerificateIdentity()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -78,7 +81,23 @@ func (v *Verifier) VerifyArtifact(ctx context.Context, dgst digest.Digest, bundl
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "getting trusted root")
 	}
 
-	gv, err := verify.NewVerifier(trustedRoot, verify.WithSignedCertificateTimestamps(1), verify.WithTransparencyLog(1), verify.WithObserverTimestamps(1))
+	verifierOpts := []verify.VerifierOption{
+		verify.WithSignedCertificateTimestamps(1),
+		verify.WithObserverTimestamps(1),
+	}
+	// Sigstore thresholds count distinct logs, not individual entries.
+	logIDs := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, entry := range b.GetVerificationMaterial().GetTlogEntries() {
+		logIDs[string(entry.GetLogId().GetKeyId())] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	tlogThreshold := len(logIDs)
+	if opts.TlogThreshold != nil {
+		tlogThreshold = *opts.TlogThreshold
+	}
+	if tlogThreshold > 0 {
+		verifierOpts = append(verifierOpts, verify.WithTransparencyLog(tlogThreshold))
+	}
+	gv, err := verify.NewVerifier(trustedRoot, verifierOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "creating verifier")
 	}
@@ -368,6 +387,7 @@ func anyCerificateIdentity() (verify.PolicyOption, error) {
 
 type ArtifactVerifyOpts struct {
 	SLSANotRequired bool
+	TlogThreshold   *int
 }
 
 type ArtifactVerifyOpt func(*ArtifactVerifyOpts)
@@ -378,6 +398,15 @@ func WithSLSANotRequired() ArtifactVerifyOpt {
 	}
 }
 
+// WithTlogThreshold sets the minimum number of verified transparency logs.
+// By default, all distinct logs in the bundle are required. Explicit zero skips
+// log verification and returns no log timestamps, so a TSA timestamp is required.
+func WithTlogThreshold(threshold int) ArtifactVerifyOpt {
+	return func(o *ArtifactVerifyOpts) {
+		o.TlogThreshold = &threshold
+	}
+}
+
 func loadBundle(dt []byte) (*bundle.Bundle, error) {
 	var bundle bundle.Bundle
 	bundle.Bundle = new(protobundle.Bundle)
diff --git a/vendor/modules.txt b/vendor/modules.txt
index d8b9a3aaa..2ba2d1385 100644
--- a/vendor/modules.txt
+++ b/vendor/modules.txt
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ github.com/moby/locker
 ## explicit; go 1.19
 github.com/moby/patternmatcher
 github.com/moby/patternmatcher/ignorefile
-# github.com/moby/policy-helpers v0.0.0-20261006174519-bd98f4747414
+# github.com/moby/policy-helpers v0.0.0-20261022152518-485a1bec29f6
 ## explicit; go 1.25.8
 github.com/moby/policy-helpers
 github.com/moby/policy-helpers/image