diff --git a/Help/manual/ctest.1.rst b/Help/manual/ctest.1.rst
index d39847e38f..9f462b1be6 100644
--- a/Help/manual/ctest.1.rst
+++ b/Help/manual/ctest.1.rst
@@ -20,10 +20,13 @@ Synopsis
        [--test-command <command> [<args>...]]
 
  `Dashboard Client`_
-  ctest -D <dashboard>         [-- <dashboard-options>...]
-  ctest -M <model> -T <action> [-- <dashboard-options>...]
-  ctest -S <script>            [-- <dashboard-options>...]
-  ctest -SP <script>           [-- <dashboard-options>...]
+  ctest -D <dashboard>            [-- <dashboard-options>...]
+  ctest -M <model> -T <action>    [-- <dashboard-options>...]
+  ctest [-M <model>] -T Configure --source-dir <path-to-source>
+                                  [--build-dir <path-to-build>]
+                                  [-- <dashboard-options>...]
+  ctest -S <script>               [-- <dashboard-options>...]
+  ctest -SP <script>              [-- <dashboard-options>...]
 
  `View Help`_
   ctest --help[-<topic>]
@@ -448,12 +451,13 @@ The options for running tests are:
 
  See `Label and Subproject Summary`_.
 
-.. option:: --test-dir <dir>
+.. option:: --test-dir <path-to-build>
 
  .. versionadded:: 3.20
 
  Specify the directory in which to look for tests, typically a CMake project
  build directory. If not specified, the current directory is used.
+ See also :ctest-option:`--build-dir`.
 
 .. option:: --test-output-size-passed <size>
 
@@ -877,6 +881,34 @@ The available ``<dashboard-options>`` are the following:
    `CTest Script`_, a :manual:`configure preset <cmake-presets(7)>`, or
    setting :variable:`CTEST_CONFIGURE_COMMAND`.
 
+.. option:: --source-dir <path-to-source>
+
+ .. versionadded:: 4.4
+
+ Specify the project source directory. When combined with
+ :option:`-T Configure <ctest -T>`, this allows CTest to perform an initial
+ configure step for an empty binary directory.  The binary directory defaults
+ to the current working directory; use :ctest-option:`--build-dir` to specify
+ a different location. The binary directory is created automatically if it
+ does not yet exist.
+
+ A CMake generator must also be specified. Use
+ :cref:`-D CTEST_CMAKE_GENERATOR=\<gen\> <ctest-option-D-var>` to supply one, or
+ set :variable:`CTEST_CONFIGURE_PRESET` to specify a
+ :manual:`configure preset <cmake-presets(7)>` that includes a
+ :preset:`generator <configurePresets.generator>`.
+
+ See the `CTest Configure Step`_ settings for more details.
+
+.. option:: --build-dir <path-to-build>
+
+ .. versionadded:: 4.4
+
+ Specify the project binary (build) directory. This is an alias for
+ :ctest-option:`--test-dir` intended for use with
+ :ctest-option:`--source-dir` when bootstrapping a build with
+ :option:`-T Configure <ctest -T>`.
+
 .. option:: --group <group>
 
  Specify the group to which to submit results.
@@ -1011,6 +1043,15 @@ to the build tree and use one of these signatures::
   ctest -D <mode>[<step>]
   ctest -M <mode> [-T <step>]...
 
+The :ctest-option:`--source-dir` option additionally allows the
+``Configure`` step to be performed on a build tree that does not yet
+exist, in which case the :ctest-option:`--build-dir` option specifies
+where to create it::
+
+  ctest [-M <mode>] -T Configure
+      --source-dir <path-to-source> [--build-dir <path-to-build>]
+  ctest --build-and-test <path-to-source> <path-to-build>
+
 The ``<mode>`` must be one of the above `Dashboard Client Modes`_,
 and each ``<step>`` must be one of the above `Dashboard Client Steps`_.
 
diff --git a/Source/cmCTest.cxx b/Source/cmCTest.cxx
index 6272331165..06c1f0e4cd 100644
--- a/Source/cmCTest.cxx
+++ b/Source/cmCTest.cxx
@@ -167,9 +167,13 @@ struct cmCTest::Private
 
   int CompatibilityMode;
 
-  // information for the --build-and-test options
+  // Build and source directories used by various operating modes.
+  // BinaryDir is the active build tree.
+  // TestDir and SourceDir hold the raw values from --test-dir/--build-dir and
+  // --source-dir respectively, before path normalization is applied.
   std::string BinaryDir;
   std::string TestDir;
+  std::string SourceDir;
 
   std::string NotesFiles;
 
@@ -2354,6 +2358,18 @@ int cmCTest::Run(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
                      } },
     CommandArgument{ "-A", CommandArgument::Values::One, dashA },
     CommandArgument{ "--add-notes", CommandArgument::Values::One, dashA },
+    CommandArgument{ "--source-dir", "'--source-dir' requires an argument",
+                     CommandArgument::Values::One,
+                     [this](std::string const& dir) -> bool {
+                       this->Impl->SourceDir = dir;
+                       return true;
+                     } },
+    CommandArgument{ "--build-dir", "'--build-dir' requires an argument",
+                     CommandArgument::Values::One,
+                     [this](std::string const& dir) -> bool {
+                       this->Impl->TestDir = dir;
+                       return true;
+                     } },
     CommandArgument{ "--test-dir", "'--test-dir' requires an argument",
                      CommandArgument::Values::One,
                      [this](std::string const& dir) -> bool {
@@ -2603,6 +2619,19 @@ int cmCTest::Run(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
   if (!this->Impl->TestDir.empty()) {
     workDir = cmSystemTools::ToNormalizedPathOnDisk(this->Impl->TestDir);
   }
+
+  // When --source-dir is given, record it as the source directory override
+  // and ensure the binary directory exists so an empty dir is accepted.
+  if (!this->Impl->SourceDir.empty()) {
+    this->Impl->CTestConfigurationOverwrites["SourceDirectory"] =
+      cmSystemTools::ToNormalizedPathOnDisk(this->Impl->SourceDir);
+    if (!cmSystemTools::MakeDirectory(workDir)) {
+      cmCTestLog(this, ERROR_MESSAGE,
+                 "Failed to create directory: " << workDir << std::endl);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
   cmWorkingDirectory changeDir(workDir);
   if (changeDir.Failed()) {
     cmCTestLog(this, ERROR_MESSAGE, changeDir.GetError() << std::endl);
diff --git a/Source/ctest.cxx b/Source/ctest.cxx
index 8052f0ceb6..8e600b003a 100644
--- a/Source/ctest.cxx
+++ b/Source/ctest.cxx
@@ -96,6 +96,13 @@ cmDocumentationEntry const cmDocumentationOptions[] = {
   { "-T <action>, --test-action <action>",
     "Sets the dashboard action to "
     "perform" },
+  { "--source-dir <path-to-source>",
+    "Specify the project source directory.  When combined with "
+    "-T Configure, this allows CTest to perform an initial configure "
+    "step for an empty binary directory." },
+  { "--build-dir <path-to-build>",
+    "Alias for --test-dir.  Provided as a more intuitive name when "
+    "using -T Configure to bootstrap a build directory." },
   { "--group <group>",
     "Specify what build group on the dashboard you'd like to "
     "submit results to." },
@@ -126,7 +133,8 @@ cmDocumentationEntry const cmDocumentationOptions[] = {
   { "--no-subproject-summary",
     "Disable timing summary information for "
     "subprojects." },
-  { "--test-dir <dir>", "Specify the directory in which to look for tests." },
+  { "--test-dir <path-to-build>",
+    "Specify the directory in which to look for tests." },
   { "--build-and-test <path-to-source> <path-to-build>",
     "Configure, build and run a test." },
   { "--build-target <tgt>", "Specify a specific target to build." },
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/RunCMakeTest.cmake b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/RunCMakeTest.cmake
index 3985d15066..3ac35f4f79 100644
--- a/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/RunCMakeTest.cmake
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/RunCMakeTest.cmake
@@ -656,6 +656,64 @@ endfunction()
 run_testDir(testDir 0)
 run_testDir(testDir-preset 1)
 
+# Test --source-dir and --build-dir
+run_cmake_command(source-dir-invalid-arg ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --source-dir)
+run_cmake_command(build-dir-invalid-arg ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --build-dir)
+
+# Build the -D arguments needed to pass the generator to ctest -T Configure.
+macro(ctest_source_dir_generator_args var)
+  set(${var} -D "CTEST_CMAKE_GENERATOR=${RunCMake_GENERATOR}")
+  if(RunCMake_GENERATOR_PLATFORM)
+    list(APPEND ${var}
+      -D "CTEST_CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM=${RunCMake_GENERATOR_PLATFORM}")
+  endif()
+endmacro()
+
+# Verify that ctest -T Configure works with an empty binary directory
+# when --source-dir is provided.
+function(run_configure_empty_bindir)
+  set(src "${RunCMake_BINARY_DIR}/configure-empty-bindir-src")
+  set(bin "${RunCMake_BINARY_DIR}/configure-empty-bindir-bin")
+  file(REMOVE_RECURSE "${src}" "${bin}")
+  file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${src}")
+  file(WRITE "${src}/CMakeLists.txt"
+    "cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)\nproject(Minimal LANGUAGES NONE)\n")
+  # Note that run_cmake_command always pre-creates RunCMake_TEST_BINARY_DIR
+  # before invoking the command, so this test exercises configure from an already-
+  # created but otherwise empty binary directory.  The MakeDirectory call in CTest
+  # itself is what would handle the truly-absent case in production use.
+  set(RunCMake_TEST_BINARY_DIR "${bin}")
+  set(RunCMake_TEST_NO_CLEAN 1)
+  ctest_source_dir_generator_args(generator_args)
+  run_cmake_command(configure-empty-bindir
+    ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND}
+    --source-dir "${src}"
+    --build-dir  "${bin}"
+    ${generator_args}
+    -T Configure)
+endfunction()
+run_configure_empty_bindir()
+
+# Verify expected error condition when --source-dir does not contain
+# a CMakeLists.txt file.
+function(run_configure_no_cmakelists)
+  set(src "${RunCMake_BINARY_DIR}/configure-no-cmakelists-src")
+  set(bin "${RunCMake_BINARY_DIR}/configure-no-cmakelists-bin")
+  file(REMOVE_RECURSE "${src}" "${bin}")
+  # Source dir exists but contains no CMakeLists.txt
+  file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${src}")
+  set(RunCMake_TEST_BINARY_DIR "${bin}")
+  set(RunCMake_TEST_NO_CLEAN 1)
+  ctest_source_dir_generator_args(generator_args)
+  run_cmake_command(configure-no-cmakelists
+    ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND}
+    --source-dir "${src}"
+    --build-dir  "${bin}"
+    ${generator_args}
+    -T Configure)
+endfunction()
+run_configure_no_cmakelists()
+
 # Test --output-junit
 function(run_output_junit)
   set(RunCMake_TEST_BINARY_DIR ${RunCMake_BINARY_DIR}/output-junit)
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/build-dir-invalid-arg-result.txt b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/build-dir-invalid-arg-result.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d00491fd7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/build-dir-invalid-arg-result.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/build-dir-invalid-arg-stderr.txt b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/build-dir-invalid-arg-stderr.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3006bc5980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/build-dir-invalid-arg-stderr.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CMake Error: '--build-dir' requires an argument
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/configure-empty-bindir-check.cmake b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/configure-empty-bindir-check.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de5fec6b66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/configure-empty-bindir-check.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+set(cache_file "${RunCMake_TEST_BINARY_DIR}/CMakeCache.txt")
+if(NOT EXISTS "${cache_file}")
+  set(RunCMake_TEST_FAILED
+    "CMakeCache.txt not found after configure:\n  ${cache_file}")
+endif()
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/configure-empty-bindir-stderr.txt b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/configure-empty-bindir-stderr.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8b065d471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/configure-empty-bindir-stderr.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Cannot find file: .*/DartConfiguration\.tcl
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/configure-no-cmakelists-result.txt b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/configure-no-cmakelists-result.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0cfbf08886
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/configure-no-cmakelists-result.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+2
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/configure-no-cmakelists-stderr.txt b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/configure-no-cmakelists-stderr.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb333ad93b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/configure-no-cmakelists-stderr.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ctest_configure called with invalid source directory
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/source-dir-invalid-arg-result.txt b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/source-dir-invalid-arg-result.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d00491fd7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/source-dir-invalid-arg-result.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/source-dir-invalid-arg-stderr.txt b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/source-dir-invalid-arg-stderr.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ddc3d0492d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/CTestCommandLine/source-dir-invalid-arg-stderr.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CMake Error: '--source-dir' requires an argument