diff --git a/Source/cmGetFilenameComponentCommand.cxx b/Source/cmGetFilenameComponentCommand.cxx
index dee5c3f009..96666140f1 100644
--- a/Source/cmGetFilenameComponentCommand.cxx
+++ b/Source/cmGetFilenameComponentCommand.cxx
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "cmStringAlgorithms.h"
 #include "cmSystemTools.h"
 #include "cmValue.h"
+#include "cmake.h"
 
 // cmGetFilenameComponentCommand
 bool cmGetFilenameComponentCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
@@ -113,7 +114,8 @@ bool cmGetFilenameComponentCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       // Resolve symlinks if possible
       result = cmSystemTools::GetRealPath(result);
     }
-    result = cmSystemTools::GetActualCaseForPath(result);
+    result = cmSystemTools::GetActualCaseForPath(
+      result, status.GetMakefile().GetCMakeInstance()->GetActualCaseCache());
   } else {
     std::string err = "unknown component " + args[2];
     status.SetError(err);
diff --git a/Source/cmSystemTools.cxx b/Source/cmSystemTools.cxx
index af18f6cf41..e1d9a22488 100644
--- a/Source/cmSystemTools.cxx
+++ b/Source/cmSystemTools.cxx
@@ -2047,7 +2047,8 @@ std::string cmSystemTools::RelativeIfUnder(std::string const& top,
   return out;
 }
 
-std::string cmSystemTools::GetActualCaseForPath(std::string const& p)
+std::string cmSystemTools::GetActualCaseForPath(
+  std::string const& p, std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>* cache)
 {
 #ifdef _WIN32
   std::string casePath;
@@ -2101,15 +2102,32 @@ std::string cmSystemTools::GetActualCaseForPath(std::string const& p)
         std::string test_str = casePath;
         test_str += path_components[idx];
 
-        WIN32_FIND_DATAW findData;
-        HANDLE hFind = ::FindFirstFileW(
-          cmsys::Encoding::ToWide(test_str).c_str(), &findData);
-        if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != hFind) {
-          auto case_file_name = cmsys::Encoding::ToNarrow(findData.cFileName);
-          path_components[idx] = std::move(case_file_name);
-          ::FindClose(hFind);
+        // Only components found to exist are cached, so that a path
+        // created later is still converted.
+        std::string const* cached = nullptr;
+        if (cache) {
+          auto it = cache->find(test_str);
+          if (it != cache->end()) {
+            cached = &it->second;
+          }
+        }
+        if (cached) {
+          path_components[idx] = *cached;
         } else {
-          converting = false;
+          WIN32_FIND_DATAW findData;
+          HANDLE hFind = ::FindFirstFileW(
+            cmsys::Encoding::ToWide(test_str).c_str(), &findData);
+          if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != hFind) {
+            auto case_file_name =
+              cmsys::Encoding::ToNarrow(findData.cFileName);
+            ::FindClose(hFind);
+            if (cache) {
+              cache->emplace(std::move(test_str), case_file_name);
+            }
+            path_components[idx] = std::move(case_file_name);
+          } else {
+            converting = false;
+          }
         }
       }
     }
@@ -2118,6 +2136,7 @@ std::string cmSystemTools::GetActualCaseForPath(std::string const& p)
   }
   return casePath;
 #else
+  static_cast<void>(cache);
   return p;
 #endif
 }
diff --git a/Source/cmSystemTools.h b/Source/cmSystemTools.h
index 689becea8e..5f7eba5d6a 100644
--- a/Source/cmSystemTools.h
+++ b/Source/cmSystemTools.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <functional>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <cm/optional>
@@ -433,7 +434,15 @@ public:
   static std::string RelativeIfUnder(std::string const& top,
                                      std::string const& in);
 
-  static std::string GetActualCaseForPath(std::string const& p);
+  /**
+   * Get the path with the actual case of all existing components on disk.
+   * If a cache is given, it is used to remember the actual case of
+   * components found to exist, to avoid querying the disk again for
+   * paths sharing the same directories.
+   */
+  static std::string GetActualCaseForPath(
+    std::string const& p,
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>* cache = nullptr);
 
   static cm::optional<std::string> GetEnvVar(std::string const& var);
   static std::vector<std::string> GetEnvPathNormalized(std::string const& var);
diff --git a/Source/cmake.cxx b/Source/cmake.cxx
index 30e079b65a..ae8fc03ab9 100644
--- a/Source/cmake.cxx
+++ b/Source/cmake.cxx
@@ -2577,6 +2577,7 @@ int cmake::Configure()
 
 void cmake::InvalidateFileSystemCaches()
 {
+  this->ActualCaseCache.clear();
   if (this->GlobalGenerator) {
     this->GlobalGenerator->ClearSourceFileExistsCache();
   }
diff --git a/Source/cmake.h b/Source/cmake.h
index 225bc97f9a..4fa7b686fc 100644
--- a/Source/cmake.h
+++ b/Source/cmake.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <set>
 #include <stack>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
@@ -476,6 +477,12 @@ public:
     return *this->GeneratorExpressionParseCache;
   }
 
+  //! Cache for cmSystemTools::GetActualCaseForPath.
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>* GetActualCaseCache()
+  {
+    return &this->ActualCaseCache;
+  }
+
   //! Forget what is known about the file system, e.g. after files may
   //! have been removed or renamed.
   void InvalidateFileSystemCaches();
@@ -830,6 +837,7 @@ private:
   std::unique_ptr<cmFileTimeCache> FileTimeCache;
   std::unique_ptr<cmGeneratorExpressionParseCache>
     GeneratorExpressionParseCache;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> ActualCaseCache;
   std::string GraphVizFile;
   InstalledFilesMap InstalledFiles;
 #ifndef CMAKE_BOOTSTRAP